In the past, planting grapes was generally in the spring and autumn was rarely planted. Recent scientific research and production practices have shown that the autumn planting of grapes is better than planting in spring. The following is a brief introduction to the benefits of the autumn planting of grapes compared to the spring planting and management methods for reference.
First, the benefits of autumn grapes
1. Early results. Grapes planted in autumn do not need to be seedlings in spring, and the germination time is 20-30 days earlier than that of spring plants. The grapes planted in the spring can't bear fruit in the same year. Only a few plants can see the fruit in the second year, and can enter the fruiting period in the third year. The high yield period is one year later than that in autumn.
2. The survival rate is high. The change in temperature in autumn is smaller than that in spring. The humidity in air and soil is greater than that in spring, which is very favorable for wound healing and new root growth. Therefore, the survival rate of autumn grapes is generally more than 90%, which is about 20% higher than the survival rate of spring plants.
3. Ample planting time. The time for the grapes to be planted in autumn begins in mid-September and ends at the end of October. The time is as long as 45 to 50 days, 15 to 20 days longer than the spring planting time.
4. High planting quality. Planting in the spring can avoid competing with crops such as grain, cotton, and oil for water and fertilizer, which will help satisfy the demand for water and fertilizer in autumn grapes, and ensure the quality of autumn planted grapes.
Second, the management method
In order to improve the effect of the autumn harvest of grapes, attention should be paid to the following three points in planting and post-planting management:
1. Choose a suitable plot and a robust seedling. The adaptability of the grapes to the soil is strong. Soils such as sand, sandy loam, loam, gravelly soil, and light saline-alkali soil can all be planted. However, sandy loam is most suitable and sandy soil blocks should be planted as far as possible. In order to improve the survival rate of transplanted grapes and achieve high yield, based on the selection of varieties with strong cold tolerance, excellent seedlings with well-developed root system, complete branch buds, no pests and diseases, and no mechanical damage should be selected.
2. Fine soil preparation and improved planting quality. After the plots were selected, they were ploughed and leveled, and digging pits according to predetermined lines and spacing. The pits had an upper diameter of 80 cm and a bottom diameter of 40 cm. Before planting, properly trim the roots and shoots of the seedlings. The root system should be kept as much as possible. Apply 30-40 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.5 kg of urea to each pit. Spread it evenly into the bottom of the pit and backfill 10 cm of soil. Each pit is planted with a grape seedling. After the soil is compacted, it is filled with water once. After the water penetrates, the pit is covered with soil in time.
3. Strengthen post-plant management. About 7 days after planting, the soil of the pile is protected from cold and hoeing, and the thickness of the mound is generally about 30 centimeters to facilitate the safe wintering of the soil and seedlings. After the frost blooms in the coming year, we will take a pile of anti-cold soil in due course, and pour the water in suitable amount. Before the sprouting of the grapes, 2 to 3 buds were cut off; after the buds of the grapes were budded, excess buds were removed and the tips were picked up. When the main shoots were 50 cm long, they were picked up and later transferred to normal field management.
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