Fruit cracking is a common phenomenon in fruit and vegetable production. Fruit cracking occurs in the middle and later stages of fruit growth. Once the fruit cracking occurs, it loses the value of the product and causes the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The loss of planters is serious and has become a limitation to the development of the fruit and vegetable industry. One of the bottlenecks, the cracking problem has been highly concerned by everyone. There are many reasons for the formation of cracks, involving many aspects such as water, fertilization, management, and varieties. The lack of calcium or misalignment causes cracking is only one of the reasons. It is particularly important to develop a comprehensive anti-cracking measure by comprehensively analyzing the causes of cracking. Through the survey, it was found that the fruit cracking caused by the following six main reasons:
First, endogenous hormone imbalance caused by plants
Changes in the ratio of endogenous hormones in the plant will affect the rate of growth of the peel and flesh. When the growth rate of the two is out of balance, cracks will form. In actual production, fruit cracking due to hormonal imbalance is more common in the middle and later stages of fruit development. At the same time, the abuse of hormone plant growth regulators is one of the causes of cracking. The watermelon “explosion†incident in Danyang, Jiangsu Province in 2011 was related not only to planting varieties and climate (pre-growth drought and late-breaking rainfall), but also to the improper use of bulking agents.
Second, the physiological characteristics of varieties caused cracking fruit
The cracking fruit is closely related to the physiological characteristics of the variety and the genetic characteristics of the variety. The fruit size, peel thickness, fruit moisture content, cell tightness, requirement fertilizer rule, sugar content and acid content, and peel development quality all affect fruit cracking. . For example, in the grape varieties, the varieties with thin skin and crisp flesh are easily cracked, and the varieties with fast root absorption and high water absorption during the coloring period are prone to cracking. The greater the pomelo, the higher the fruit shape index, the thicker the fruit top skin and the center of the fruit core. The more abundant, the cracking fruit is lighter; the nectarine varieties have higher sugar content, the lower acid content varieties have more cracking fruit, and the melon and watermelon varieties have thinner skin and crispy varieties, and the fruit cracking is heavier.
Third, pest damage caused by cracking
Studies have shown that anthrax can cause fruit cracking in navel oranges. Anthracnose, rust mites, spider mites and other damages are directly related to fruit cracking, and attention needs to be paid to pest control. The powdery mildew damages the grapes and the skin hardens and loses its elasticity. After the hard nuclear phase, it is easy to crack from the top of the fruit and form cracked fruit. After spider mite damages the grapes, the surface of the fruit forms a brown rust, and most of them are split longitudinally from the fruit pedicle, forming cracked fruit.
Fourth, rapid changes in soil moisture caused cracking fruit
The change of soil moisture has a greater effect on the absorption of calcium in the peel. Drought and flooding may cause water stress, reduce the absorption of calcium, and cause cracking. When the crop grows, it encounters a drought in the early stage of growth. When the fruit rapidly expands, it encounters frequent rainfall. The water transferred from the roots to the fruits soars, and the pulp cells will expand rapidly. At this time, the peels have become old and the skin cells have expanded slowly due to the limitation of the cuticle. There will be pulp bursting the skin. The fruit cracking that occurs in this condition is more common in grapes, dates, and pomegranates. If water shortage occurs in the early stage, it will affect the expansion of young fruit. In case of continuous rainfall or flooding during the coloring period, a large number of fruit cracks will occur.
V. Cultivation management measures cause cracking
Poor tree vigor, poor lighting, poor ventilation, and partial application of nitrogen fertilizer in fruit orchard are serious. It is recommended that Jiamei should be used to gain profit, high potassium, high potassium meal fertilizers with internal potash and high potassium content; fruits and vegetables with large load and small fruit to fruit ratio are liable to induce fruit cracking; soil drainage Poor, serious compaction, poor permeability, soil acidification, orchard cracking serious, it is recommended to use Jiamei Naolujin, Kamei dividend timely conditioning of the soil; poor control of pests orchard fruit cracking is more serious; extensive use of ethephon, gibberellin, 2,4 -D's orchard cracking volume increased significantly.
Six, nutritional imbalance caused by cracking
The mineral elements and their nutritional balance in the flesh have a significant effect on fruit cracking. Unbalanced tree nutrients will exacerbate fruit cracking. Phosphorus, potassium and calcium had the greatest impact on fruit cracking during fruit growth, followed by magnesium, boron, zinc, iron, copper and manganese. When one or more elements are in excess and other elements are low, cracking increases. In actual production, the phenomenon of fruit cracking due to calcium deficiency and excess potassium is very common at the later stage of crop growth. At present, the problem of soil acidification is becoming more and more prominent. The lack of or deregulation of trace elements caused by this phenomenon is widespread and exacerbates the occurrence of cracking.
Seven, soil factors lead to cracking
Soil is also an important factor affecting fruit cracking. The garden soil is shallow and the soil has weak water and fertility, and the roots are shallow. When it encounters drought, the water absorption in the roots is very difficult. After the rain, the water absorption in the root system increases, causing sudden changes in fruit moisture and causing fruit cracking. Organic fertilizer enhances the soil's ability to retain water and fertility, while at the same time chasing Chia Mei's dividends, nuclear power, profitability, and internal potassium, regulating soil, improving soil buffering properties, and promoting nutrient absorption and transformation.
Eight, water factors lead to cracking
The main factors that cause fruit cracking are the soil drought in the early stage of fruit development and the sharp increase in soil moisture in the later period. The high air humidity causes the transpiration to decline, and the pulp grows rapidly and absorbs water in large quantities, causing fruit cracking. After the rain, the air humidity is high, and the transpiration of the leaves is weakened. On the one hand, the outflow of fruit moisture is drastically reduced. On the other hand, the moisture in other parts of the tree body flows into the fruit more, especially the root pressure causes a large amount of water to suddenly enter the fruit tissue, causing the cells to Increased turgor pressure, increased internal growth stress leads to cracking.
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