Release date: 2017-02-24
Tumor cells can rely on healthy cells around them to find food, redistribute blood vessels to nourish them, and secrete substances to suppress anti-cancer immune responses, and even recruit and manipulate neurons to help them. Some recent studies have shown that not only brain cancer, but also other pancreatic, prostate, skin, and stomach cancers can manipulate neurons to help them grow. Scientists from Stanford University are published in Trends in Cancer. The article reviews the ways in which tumors manipulate neurons.
“Every part of our body is dominated by neurons,†says Michelle Monje of Stanford University School of Medicine, who completed the review with doctoral student Humsa Venkatesh. “The nervous system is a huge system that touches the body. Each part contributes a lot to the development of all tissues. These growth signals already exist, so why do tumor cells not use them?"
Tumor treatment often treats tumors by cutting off blood vessels and other nutrient supply pathways, so Monje and other researchers are keen to know if cancer can be treated by similar methods to target neurons or simply inhibit the secretion of nerve growth factor. But the challenge is that the neural growth signals of different neurons and tumors are different. In addition, it is dangerous to inhibit neuronal activity.
"Regulating neuronal signals in the brain is not the best choice because we don't want the brain to work, but it can interfere with specific neuronal signaling pathways associated with tumors."
Monje's initial interest in neuronal support for tumor function was in the treatment of childhood gliomas. In 2015, her lab published an article on Cell that found adults and children close to highly active neurons. Glioma cells grow faster. This article is one of a series of studies showing that cancer cells can not only grow close to neurons but also respond to chemical signals secreted by neurons. Timothy Wang from Columbia University recently published an article on Cancer Cell that suggests that recruiting neurons into the tumor microenvironment is critical for the development of gastric cancer, so inhibition of related neurotransmitters may be a potential new anticancer therapy. . Monje said that although this is not the first case, this study brings new hope for targeting tumor peripheral nerves to treat tumors.
“Seeds don’t grow in the air, they need the right soil,†Monje explains. “Tumors and seeds are also very similar. They also need a suitable microenvironment to grow.†Neurons and their secreted chemicals can make tumors The cells feel the "warm of home."
The link between tumor cells and neurons poses a number of problems, but it also marks the dawn of some long-term cancer pathology. Brain cancer cells often cluster with neurons, a phenomenon called the neuronal satellite phenomenon. Migratory cancer cells also transfer neurons as shortcuts to new tissues. However, scientists have so far only investigated the role of neuronal cells in a range of tumors, and they are currently studying detailed molecular pathways involving tumor cell-neuronal relationships.
Source: Bio Valley (micro signal BIOONNEWS)
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