The emergence of 3D printing has revolutionized the traditional manufacturing industry and has become a new trend leading the future of global manufacturing. 3D printing is a cutting-edge technology developed based on multidisciplinary fields such as information technology, precision machinery and materials science. With the maturity of 3D printing technology, 3D printing is playing an increasingly important role in the medical market. The following small series will take a look at some of the medical applications of 3D printing.
The development of 3D printer
In 1984, Charles Hull developed 3D printing technology and patented it in 1986. He named it Stereolithography and established 3D Systems.
In 1987, DTM developed SLS technology and commercialized it.
In 1988, Krump developed FDM technology and established Stratasys in the following year.
In 1991, Helisys sold the first layered physical manufacturing (LOM) system.
In 1992, Stratasys sold the first FDM-based "3D modeling" machines.
In 1993, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology received a patent for "3D printing technology," which is similar to the inkjet printing technology used in 2D printers.
In 1995, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology developed a powder layer and nozzle 3D printing (3DP) technology.
In 1996, 3D Systems introduced the "Actua 2100" rapid prototyping machine; in the same year Z Corporation launched the "Z402" and was first named "3D printer".
In 2005, Z Corporation introduced the first high-precision color 3D printer "SpectrumZ510" on the market.
In 2006, the RepRap open source project was launched to develop 3D printers that can replicate themselves.
In 2008, Objet Geometries introduced the first ever Connex500 rapid prototyping system for 3D printers that can simultaneously use several different materials. Object Geomatries released the Polyjet matrix technology in 2007, and its printing equipment is shown in Figure 1. The technical principle is to spray an ultra-thin layer of photocured material, the thinnest layer is only 16 μm, and there are many kinds of spray materials.
Figure 1 Polyjet matrix printing device 3 3D printing application status in the medical field
1. Make the mysterious 3D printed lower jaw bone implant
Using 3D printing technology, the world's first complete use of custom implants instead of the entire jaw production process. Compared to traditional methods of production, 3D printing consumes less material and produces less time, often requiring a few hours to make a mandible. To avoid rejection, the researchers applied a bioceramic coating to the finished mandible. The technician can design the rendering of the bone components according to the specific needs of the transplanted patient, and then use a high-precision laser gun to melt the titanium powder and spray them layer by layer to produce a finished three-dimensional artificial bone component. No glue or adhesive is required for the entire process. Researchers have successfully implanted a 3D printed mandible into an 83-year-old woman.
2. Print exoskeleton
3D printing has now entered the in vitro bone print to help people with disabilities and muscle atrophy improve their mobility. Lightweight in vitro bones made with 3D printing help the user stand and walk.
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