Zhenghe White Tea, a special product of Zhenghe County, Fujian Province. Zhenghe White Tea is produced from Chinese tea tea varieties and Chinese white tea varieties, and processed and produced by the unique tea-making techniques of the government and county tea farmers. The produce and white teas have specific characteristics and fresh, sweet, cool qualities. The unique technology makes Zhenghe White Tea unique in quality. It not only has the functions of relieve heat, reduce fever, reduce fire, and quench thirst, but also has functions such as reducing blood pressure, detoxifying, stopping leaking, bactericidal, anti-oxidation, anti-radiation and anti-tumor effects. Famous in China and abroad, enjoy a high reputation in the industry.
In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the Zhenghe White Tea Plant used the small buds of vegetable tea varieties as its raw material. Zhenghe Tieshan discovered the Dabai tea tree species (nationally excellent tea tree varieties) and cultivated it one by one. The white peony and silver needle were used as raw materials. , Shoumei, white monkeys, lotus and other high-quality white tea varieties.
The Zhenghe white tea processing process is different from other white tea production areas, and it is all withered and slightly fermented tea. That is, under fine weather conditions, the fresh leaves are evenly spread on a water screen and placed in a ventilated dedicated teahouse for natural drying (withering). Neither destroys the enzyme activity nor avoids oxidation, and gradually forms the unique "color, aroma, taste" quality of Zhenghe White Tea. After the fresh leaves have been dried to reach 80% or 90% dryness, they are dried to form Maocha. After the tea is carefully picked up, evenly piled, re-baked, and packaged, it becomes a white tea boutique.
The unique technology makes Zhenghe White Tea unique in quality. It not only has the functions of relieve heat, reduce fever, reduce fire, and quench thirst, but also has functions such as reducing blood pressure, detoxifying, stopping leaking, bactericidal, anti-oxidation, anti-radiation and anti-tumor effects. In 2002, White Peony City White Tea produced by the County White Peony Tea Co., Ltd. won a gold medal at China (Fujian) Tea Expo. In March 2009, Zhenghe White Tea ranked among GI products.
As an important main producing area of ​​white tea in China, the origin of white tea in Zhenghe County is extremely deep, which can be traced back to the late Tang Dynasty and early Song Dynasty. By the Song Dynasty, Zhenghe had become an important production area of ​​Beiyuan tribute tea. The silver needle tea produced was highly respected and was hailed by the literati as "Bei Jing Ling Bud. In 1115 (in the period of Emperor Huizong's administration and years), at that time, Guanyu County entered the tribute tea silver needle. "Along with the Longyan, it was given the title of the year and it changed the name of the county."Regarding the origin of the Zhenghe Dabai tea, there are two arguments in the local area. One said that in 1879 (the five years of Qing Emperor Guangxu), there was a large white tea in the tea garden of Tieshan villager Wei Chunsheng. The flowering was not strong, and after the soil wall collapsed, the tea tree was buried. In fact, several new tea seedlings were born in the following year. After that, the villagers used manual layering to breed tea seedlings, which allowed the development of large white teas. Another comment was that during the Qing Xianfeng period, in Tieshan Village, there was a man watching Feng Shui. White tea was found on the Gaolingtou Mountain. The earthworms were transplanted and planted. Because the branches were buried deep, new tea seedlings were competed, and they were later bred by the buckling method. Big white tea.
“Tea tree layering method†can be said to be the earliest creation of Tieshan tea farmers. This was an amazing invention in the past when science was underdeveloped. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Anxi tea growers created a more advanced "tea tree panicle cutting method" breeding tea seedlings. In 1959, the Fujian Provincial Department of Agriculture established a large-scale breeding ground for large white tea varieties in Zhenghe County, and used the panicle cutting method to breed more than 200 million large- and small-sized white tea seedlings. The planting area has expanded to Guizhou, Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, and Zhejiang. Other counties and cities in Jiangxi Province and Fujian Province were designated as Chinese tea tree varieties in 1972.
Planting situation
In 10 townships in Zhenghe County in 2010, 70% of the farmers had planted tea, 40% of the average income of tea farmers came from tea, and 13 tea-making villages in Dongping Fengtou, Jinfeng, and Tieshan Dahong planted tea, and the income of tea farmers was 75. More than % of tea leaves. In addition to the children’s school season, everyone is busy collecting tea, purchasing tea greens, and processing tea. The street rarely sees idlers and presents a busy scene unique to tea villages. [4]
Product processing
According to the statistics of the industry and commerce department, there are more than 150 tea processing enterprises in Zhenghe County as of 2010. Driven by enterprises, the company organizes production according to the company's requirements, greatly improves the quality of tea and the benefits of tea farmers, effectively raises the level of organization of tea production in Zhenghe County, and effectively promotes the development of the tea industry. [4] In 2008, the county had more than 80,000 acres of tea gardens, with an annual output of 8,000 tons, a processing volume of more than 10,000 tons, a total output value of 200 million yuan, of which 3,000 tons of white tea production, accounting for 70% of the province's white tea production. 90% of Zhenghe County White Tea is exported to Hong Kong, Japan and Europe.
Geographical indication product protectionIn 2007, according to the "Regulations on the Protection of Geographical Indications Products," China's General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine organized a review of applications for the protection of government and white tea geographical indication products. After passing the review, it was approved to implement the protection of GI products for Zhenghe White Tea from March 20, 2007 (No. 55 of 2007).
protected range
The scope of protection of Zhenghe White Tea geographical indication products shall be based on the scope of the “Regulations on Applying for the Protection of Zhenghe White Tea in the Protection of Geographical Indications Products†(Gongren Syndrome No. [2006] No. 49) of the People's Government of Zhenghe County, Fujian Province, which is the seat of Zhenghe County in Fujian Province. Administrative jurisdiction.
Quality and technical requirements
(a) Site conditions.
The altitude is 200m to 800m; soil is red soil and yellow soil; soil organic matter is ≥ 2.5%; soil pH is 4.5 to 6.5.
(b) Cultivation and management.
1. Nursery: Select the reddish-brown, semi-woody, and robust shoots on the mother tree as cuttings, cutting and nursery time from September to December.
2. Colonization:
(1) Single row or double row planting;
(2) Colonization density ≤ 60,000 plants/ha.
3, fertilization:
(1) Every two years, in combination with autumn and winter soil, apply organic fertilizer ≥37500kg/ha or applying cake fertilizer≥1500kg/ha.
(2) The pure tea garden of young age is 75kg/ha to 150kg/ha, and the ratio of NPK is applied in a ratio of 1:1:1. The tea plantation was applied with pure nitrogen from 300kg/ha to 450kg/ha, and the NPK ratio was applied at 3:1:1.
4. Tea tree pruning: Young tea trees are sorted and trimmed three to four times; the tea plantations are put into light-time pruning; the aging tea gardens are heavy pruning or pedicures, and the time is before spring or after spring tea.
(c) fresh leaf picking.
Every spring, summer and autumn harvest. Spring tea is picked before and after the spring equinox until the rainy season. Summer tea is harvested from small to full summer stipulations. Autumn tea is picked from small summer to autumn harvest. The standard for picking fresh leaves from fresh leaves is a single bud, and the standard of picking fresh leaves from white peony is one bud and two leaves. According to the “Nine not adopt†principle for picking, that is, the weather will not pick, the dew will not dry, the fine buds will not pick, the purple buds will not pick, the hollow buds will not pick, the damage buds will not pick, the pests and buds Not picking, cracking buds not picking, shoots bent caused by pests and other deformed buds are not taken.
(D) processing technology.
Process: fresh leaves → withering → baking → Maocha.
Perform processing under fine weather conditions to master "two timings" and "four movements." "Two timings" are:
1, withering time, temperature at 20 °C to 25 °C, relative humidity of 70% to 75%, which lasted 48 to 60 hours, withering water content of the final control of 8% to 9%;
2, and the screening time, when the withered leaf with water content of 30% to 50% at the time and sieved, in order to facilitate the formation of political and white tea unique leaf state.
3, "Four Actions":
(1) The thickness of the spread is moderate and moderate, and does not overlap with each other; it does not affect the evaporation of water;
(2) Lightning action should be light to avoid damaging the fresh leaves and causing red transformation;
(3)Adjusting wind power, temperature and humidity through workshop shutters according to weather, temperature, humidity and wind conditions;
(4) When the weather turns hot, in order to prevent the withering leaves from turning red, it should be transferred to the baking process in time.
(five) quality characteristics.
1, sensory features:
(1) White Silver Needle:
Shape: single bud is fat, full of hair, silver or gray color. Endoplasm: Aroma is pure, no fragrance is obvious; the taste is sweet, fresh and cool, and the taste is full; the soup is yellowish and bright. Leaf bottom: even and bright.
(2) White Peony:
1 Special White Peony:
Shape: leaves hold buds, shoots and branches, leaf edge dumping, no heart fat silver, many and significant, gray-green or green leaves, leaves with back hair. Endoplasm: Aroma is clear, fresh, and savory; the taste is sweet and pure, and the taste is faint; the soup is apricot-yellow and bright. The bottom of the leaf: with many hearts, tender leaves, buds and leaves, bright green color.
2 white peony:
Shape: buds and leaves, uniform, tender, still leveling, leaf margin devolute, slightly broken Zhang, no heart silver, with no heart, leaf color gray-green or dark green, some leaves with back hair. Endoplasm: Aroma is fresh and pure, there is no incense; taste is sweet, pure, there are weiwei; soup is light yellow, brighter. Bottom: Nothing is noticeable, the leaves are soft, and the veins are red and bright.
3 White Peony:
Appearance: Some buds and leaves are connected, more broken, there is no heart, a little heart is slightly thin, leaves are still tender, dark green color, with a small amount of yellow and green leaves and dark brown leaves. Endoplasm: The aroma is still fresh and pure, slightly sweet; the taste is still fresh, slightly greenish and sweet; the dark yellow color is still bright. Leaf bottom: A small amount of heart, light red veins.
2, physical and chemical indicators: water: ≤ 6.50%; broken tea: ≤ 6.00%; powder: ≤ 1.50%; water leaching (dry basis): ≥ 30.00%; total soluble amino acids (dry basis): ≥ 2.50%; caffeine: ≥ 2.70%; ash (dry basis): ≤ 7.00%.
Special signs use
Producers within the scope of protection of Zhenghe White Tea geographical indication products may apply to the Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision of Zhenghe County, Fujian Province for the application of the “Special Marks for Geographical Indication Productsâ€, and shall be approved by the AQSIQ.