China has a wide range of rice cultivation, and the type of rice planted from south to north includes early, middle, late and single- and double-season rice. Especially in the early rice in the south and the cold rice in the northeast, the rice seedlings sometimes appear stiff during the seedling growth after transplanting. The performance of the transplanted rice was slow and the rice seedlings were not long or slow, and the farmers called it a “stiff seedlingâ€. The reasons for causing stiff seedlings are very complicated. If you look closely at them, you will find that rice blast disease can be divided into the following three types:
I. Zymosis caused by zinc deficiency in rice
Usually, the smutting caused by zinc deficiency in rice occurs within 2-4 weeks after transplanting, with a high incidence of about 20 days. The base of the new leaves of rice seedlings is chlorogenic and white, the old leaves are brown patches on both sides of the veins, or have irregular brown spots; the tips of the lower full leaves are dry, the newly drawn leaves are short and narrow, and the leaves emerge slowly. Irrespective of whether or not the plants are dwarfed, the peasants call them "collapsed seedlings." If the early rice field appears to be stiff, it will significantly affect rice production.
The direct cause of this type of severe seedling production is zinc deficiency in seedlings. The regularity of the distribution of the diseased area is: there are many fields in Tiantang, and there is less in Tiantian; there are many rice fields in Xinwei and there are few old rice fields; there are many years of low temperature and overcast rain, and there are few years of high temperature sunshine. From the above distribution rules, the environmental conditions that cause zinc deficiency are the reason why low temperature and soil available zinc are not available. For example, calcareous soils and saline-alkali soils have low effective zinc content and are prone to zinc deficiency. Excessive application of chemical phosphate fertilizers to the soil in successive years will also reduce the effectiveness of zinc in the soil, leading to induced zinc deficiency in paddy fields, and long-term inability of rice fields. Organic fertilizer does not add trace elements such as zinc.
Second, rice deficiency caused by potassium disease
The weak seedlings caused by potassium deficiency in rice usually appear after the rice seeds turn green, and reach a peak within 20-30 days after transplanting. The main symptoms are: stagnant growth, short plants, dark green leaves, and fewer tillers. The lower leaves of the plant gradually appeared yellow-brown to auburn spots from the tips of the leaves to the leaf base, and were evenly streaked. Severe symptoms of leaf margin rupture from bottom to top cause dead. The reason is that the available potassium in the soil is not available, for example, in strong sand or leaky land; the indirect cause may be excess partial nitrogen fertilization, resulting in severe imbalance of nitrogen and potassium nutrition and inducing potassium deficiency in rice; it may also be due to cold damage of rice roots.
Third, the rice deficiency caused by phosphorus
Symptoms of rice deficiency caused by phosphorus deficiency are new leaves dark green, lower leaves reddish purple, small and erect leaves, leaf sheath long and leaves short. Rice seedlings have fewer tillers, less brown roots, and no white roots. The reason is that the available phosphorus in the soil is not available, causing rice seedlings to lack phosphorus. The seedling stage is the critical period of phosphorus nutrition, which is sensitive to phosphorus and easy to lack of phosphorus. The most important reason for indirect reasons is that the rice fields are cold and the soil temperature is low. The cold environment can not only hinder the release of organic phosphorus in the soil, but also make it difficult for the inorganic phosphorus in the soil to migrate to the root surface, resulting in the failure of phosphorus supply.
From the analysis of the three different types of “freezing seedlingsâ€, there are many reasons for the emergence of seedling emergence of seedlings. First of all, according to the plant's long-term and environmental conditions to make a comprehensive judgment to determine the type of nutrient. In terms of prevention and control, both symptomatic fertilization and integrated management of temperature and moisture in paddy fields are needed to achieve a good result in solving the problem of the frozen seedlings.
Symptomatic fertilization is a direct and effective measure to solve the problem of stiff seedlings. However, in order to achieve "symptom", it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. The principle of diagnosis is to combine the identification of appearance symptoms of plants with the diagnosis of soil nutrients. Especially for the lack of trace elements should be more cautious. For example, rice deficiencies in zinc deficiency should be verified by measuring the available zinc content of the soil. After affirming the zinc deficiency disease, it is also necessary to reasonably select suitable zinc fertilizer varieties, application rates, and uniform application methods to achieve drug elimination; in the method of supplementing phosphate fertilizer, it is necessary to pay attention to the selection of phosphorus fertilizer varieties and appropriate Fertilizer location, general South rice with general calcium or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, but also to put the phosphorus fertilizer applied to the soil under the root of the area; for the prevention and treatment of potassium deficiency, the main supplement is potassium fertilizer, potassium fertilizer suitable for paddy field application Potassium chloride is preferred.
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