Wintering in Greenhouses—Octopus cucumbers will have a second harvest peak period after they enter the spring season. If some of the bad habits in management are eliminated at this time, a good harvest and high efficiency will be achieved.
First, do not leave too much melon. According to traditional habits, cucumbers are not sparsely melons, leaving melons to stay, keeping melons on festivals, and even leaving melons on some sections. From a scientific point of view, the load of different plants is different. In general, it should be the weak plant to stay, the strong plant to stay a little more, because the strains are treated differently, so that the vegetative growth and reproductive growth coordinated development, so that Nagase melon is correct. If there are too many melons, nutrients are dispersed, affecting flower bud differentiation, and it is difficult to form high-quality flower buds, resulting in short melons and misshapen melons. Excessive melons are also prone to "melon pressure" head closure, and new leaves are difficult to grow or grow very slowly. As the old leaves are constantly aging and physiological functions are gradually declining, the overall production capacity of the plants is continuously declining. Melons and other deformed melons will appear in large numbers. Judging from the current market trend, the market should accept cucumbers that are straight, 25-30 cm long, and 2.5-3 cm thick. Those who are big-bellied melons, curved melons, narrow-shouldered gourds, sharp-edged melons, and melons that are too long or too short are mostly left unattended and become defective products that are processed at extremely low prices. Therefore, in order to focus on nutrient production of high quality cucumbers, sparse melons are necessary. No matter whether it is a weak plant, a mediocre plant or a strong plant, it is necessary to carry out sparse melons, but there are some differences in the amount of melons left. Its approach is to promptly dispel those Guayin who are hard to “work†and to spam them. The melon sparing work must be carried out frequently. Sometimes, due to the obstruction of leaves and stems or other reasons, the melons may be bent. When the load of the plants is allowed, a food bag with a small amount of soil may be hung on the top of the melon, or a small amount of thread may be used. Pieces of brick, use the weight sag to straighten the melon.
Second, do not pick the leaves too much and fall too low. Cucumber leaves usually go through 60-70 days from young leaves to mature leaves to senescent leaves. Mature leaves, also known as functional leaves, dark green leaves, single leaf area of ​​350-400 square centimeters. Functional leaves are too large and too thin for excessive growth; too small and too thick for poor growth are not ideal functional leaves. Plants without ideal functional leaves are also difficult to produce ideal commercial melons. The length of functional leaf life is related to fertilizer, water, environment, etc. Excessive or insufficient fertilizer, too high or too low temperature, too much squash, etc. will shorten the life of functional leaf and accelerate aging and become aging leaves. The leaf color of aging is dark green, brittle and easy to break, and its production capacity is low. However, it still needs to obtain nutrients from other leaves for its own survival. It is also called depletion leaf and should be removed in time. This will not only benefit ventilation and light transmission, but also save energy. nutrient. Therefore, the removal of old leaves and diseased leaves should be a management task that is often carried out in cucumber cultivation, and cultivation in greenhouses and greenhouses is indispensable. In the production, some vegetable farmers think that the more leaves are picked, the better the field permeability, the more melons are harvested, and even the functional leaves are removed. This is wrong. Practice has proved that: The leaves are the providers of melon nutrients, too few leaves, the melon will grow slowly and small. Therefore, picking up leaves will inevitably result in the reduction of the “source†of nutrient production, which will affect the enrichment of the product “libraryâ€. Generally, 13-15 leaves of cucumber are better left on the cucumber. Picking up the leaves should be carried out in different stages, and must not be done at one time to pick up the leaves. After picking the leaves, the ropes can be uncovered and the long leafless cultivator can be placed on the ridge to reduce the height of the branches. However, in order to save labor, some vegetable farmers fell one time at a time, the height of vines was even less than 1 meter, and the leaves of the plants overlapped each other on the ridges, causing many functional leaves to see no sunlight or damage, and the production capacity was greatly reduced. Accelerated aging. The correct set of vines should allow the remaining leaves to stretch to the space on the vines. The height of the vines should not be less than 1.4 meters.
Third, fertilization, irrigation can not be excessive. Cucumbers require large amounts of water for fertilizers, especially when they enter the period of melon growth. Fertilizers should be supplied in a timely manner. Otherwise, they will shorten the period of nectarine and lead to early decline of production. However, excessive fertilization and irrigation will cause great waste, pollute groundwater sources and even cause soil salinization. Fertilization and irrigation will affect yield. Therefore, the determination of fertilization and irrigation volume is very necessary. However, as far as the objective situation is concerned, it is still very difficult to fertilize and irrigate large areas through soil testing. However, scientific management is bound to become more and more popular. It is only a matter of time.
According to the author's understanding, some peasant households are planting lands with each other and comparing them only to gross income is not a cost. In order to produce more money and sell more money, they have great blindness in fertilization and irrigation, and lack the concept of quantity, and they are less scientific. Generally, the amount of chemical fertilizer is more than 100 pounds per mu and the amount of irrigation water is 30-40 tons per mu. In this way, the output may go up, but the amount of fertilizers lost through the infiltration of water is also quite large, resulting in great waste. The author used to install moisture sensor probes in different soil layers (10, 20, 30, and 40 cm) and used drip irrigation and flood irrigation to measure the flow direction of water after irrigation by using different amounts of irrigation (water metering). 30 tons of water and irrigation of 15 tons of water in the main concentration layer of cucumber roots (10-40 cm soil layer), the distribution of the moisture content of the two almost no difference, so where more than 15 tons of water to go? There is no doubt that carrying fertilizer into the deep and groundwater as a whole, polluting the water source. Therefore, for cucumbers that require large amounts of fertilizer and water, they should use the method of “eat less and eat more†to apply fertilizer and irrigation to overcome the blindness of fertilization and irrigation. Each fertilization, irrigation volume should not be too large, but it can be carried out frequently. The drip irrigation technology currently being promoted is to achieve "fat and water integration" on the premise of controlling the amount, and it is an ideal fertilization and irrigation method.
Fourth, the spray concentration should not be too large. It is very difficult to achieve the ideal aim of preventing and treating cucumber disease alone by controlling the environment. It is difficult to adopt the principle of “prevention from prevention and combination of prevention and controlâ€. Practice has proved that the use of low concentrations of agents can achieve good control effect. In the prevention and treatment process, we must be good at discovering the disease center and find that the disease center is annihilated. At present, some vegetable farmers use large doses of medicines, whether they are prevention or prevention, and some are even 1-2 times higher than the required concentration. Finally, the diseases may be controlled, but the leaves are also damaged. The light leaves are aging, and the heavy leaves are distorted. Deformation, production capacity is greatly reduced, because the damage caused by phytotoxicity is sometimes greater than the disease caused. Mixing several pesticides that have different properties but can be mixed together can give a multiplier effect. Most of the pesticides currently sold in the market are marked with trade names, some of them contain ingredients and some do not. However, according to the author's understanding, most of the products that appear under the trade names are compounding agents, and there are few single agents. If you know that the purchased pharmaceutical is a compounding agent, as long as you choose a reasonable, can symptomatic medication, you do not need to add other agents when you use it; if the selected agent is more specific for a certain disease, and the occurrence of several diseases , then you can choose another kind of agent for the other disease and the former for compounding, but both should be appropriately reduced to prevent excessive concentration of phytotoxicity.
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