During the process of cultivation of tomatoes, tomato often suffers from frequent changes in air temperature, soil moisture, poor ventilation, and inappropriate growth environment. When it is light, it is edible, but its commerciality is reduced. When it is severe, it will completely lose its value. The preventive measures for abnormal fruit caused by several physiological obstacles in the cultivation of protected tomatoes are summarized below. First, the empty fruit 1. Symptoms: fruit growth is not full, with angular, skin concave slightly inward, the jelly around the seeds of dysplasia, and the formation of empty holes between the outer pulp, severe cavity formation. 2. Preventive measures: (1) prevent leggy, do temperature and light control, pay attention to daylight when low light, avoid nighttime temperature is too high; (2) rational use of tomato spirit and other growth regulators, the concentration must be accurate, the petals have been extended It is advisable to decorate flowers when they are in the shape of a trumpet. It is not appropriate to repeat the flowers, and each flower should not be too much. The addition of gibberellin to Tomato Spirit during flowering has a certain preventive effect; (3) The application of carbon dioxide can effectively prevent the occurrence of empty fruit, but it should be noted that if the carbon dioxide application period is too long, the concentration is too high, it is easy to produce leaves. Blight; (4) The growth of empty fruit can be reduced without using growth regulators. The method of vibration pollination can also reduce the occurrence of empty fruit. Second, the deformed fruit 1. Symptoms: The fruit is oval or other shapes, mostly 2 to 3 pieces of fruit grow together, showing a tumor-like, malformed fruit from the flower spikes when the performance of a large number of bracts and petals, Uneven shape of the room and other symptoms. 2. Preventive measures: (1) Selection of hereditarily stable varieties; (2) Preventing nighttime temperatures from continuing to be too low is the key; protective night temperatures are kept above 10°C, and control at 12 to 16°C is appropriate, if less than 8 °C, we must pay attention to fertilizer and water management, to avoid more fertilizer and more water, especially to avoid excessive nitrogen fertilizer, adequate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; (3) Large seedlings when planting, the first spike flower is "ghost flower" (ie, coincident flower) easy to form The deformed fruit should be removed during the flowering operation; (4) If the groundwater level is too high, it is prone to malformation, and the use of a groundwater table with excessively high groundwater level should be avoided in tomato cultivation. Third, tendons rot fruit 1. Symptoms: rot rot fruit is divided into "black ribs" and "white ribs" two categories. The vascular bundle of the "black gluten" was necrotic, and black ribs were formed from the top of the fruit to the fruit pedicle. Vascular browning was observed outside the pericarp and associated with poor coloration. Mature fruit also had green residue. The "white gluten" skin tissue had many hairpins, and the fruit had poor coloration. The white ribs had wax-like luster, and the flesh was hardened, poor quality, pale and odorless. 2. Preventive measures: (1) Select varieties that are not susceptible to disease; (2) Pay attention to crop rotation, strengthen light, appropriate thinning, and reduce the incidence of disease with good cultivation methods; (3) Increase the use of decomposed organic fertilizer to control nitrogen fertilizer In particular, the application rate of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, increase of potassium fertilizer, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium should be adjusted to ensure the coordination of the proportions of various elements; (4) Maintain appropriate soil moisture, and cultivate the sorghum on low-lying ground. Strengthen the drainage and make it uniform when watering, with a small number of times; (5) After fruit is set, spray 1% sugar solution or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution regularly, or spray multiple compound fertilizer, once for 12-15 days. , Continuous spray 2 to 3 times. 4. Reticulation 1. Symptoms: The vascular bundles in the pericarp are reticular. Through the pericarp, the reticular vascular bundles are clearly visible. The reticular tendons become soft quickly after harvest, the taste is deteriorated, the preservation time is short, and the commercial nature is poor. The pectin part is still green after the mesh has entered the mature period of color change. 2. Preventive measures: (1) To control moisture, the key is to prevent the soil from drying out suddenly during the high-temperature period and the second half of the plant's growth; (2) Increase the organic fertilizer, deep-seed the soil, expand the absorption area of ​​the root system, apply adequate fertilizer, and maintain the plant The growth potential; (3) In the selection of varieties, select the varieties that are growing vigorously. 5. Dehiscence 1. Symptoms: Occurrence during fruit ripening. There are concentric concentric splits at the top, radial cracking near the fruit pedicle, and side cracking fruit. The phenomenon of young fruit cracking from the side occurs from time to time. Different, if not serious, does not affect the consumption, but the appearance is poor, the commercial nature is reduced, the top is cracked and easily corrupted, and there is basically no commercial value. 2. Preventive measures: (1) Select varieties that are not susceptible to cracking; (2) Deeply plough the soil, increase organic fertilizers, deepen the base fertilizer, increase the root absorption area, control soil moisture, and prevent the soil from drying out; (3) Covering the ears with a bag, controlling the picking and picking the leaves, introducing the ear into the canopy, preventing the fruit from being attacked by strong light and causing cracking; (4) Adding boron fertilizer; (5) Growing fruit with 0.1% calcium chloride solution , can also play a good effect. Sixth, window cracking 1. Symptoms: also known as zipper fruit, from the stem to the top of the fruit to form a corked zipper long line, serious zipper-shaped long lines have cracks, exposed placenta, is generally believed that the window is a deformed fruit a part of. 2. Preventive measures: (1) Select varieties that are not susceptible to disease; (2) Window opening is caused by hypothermia at the seedling stage, so temperature management should be maintained at 20°C or above and 10°C at night during the day; (3) Multi-nitrogen and multi-water will increase the occurrence of window cracking. When managing nursery beds, it is necessary to control the amount of nitrogen applied and the amount of irrigation water.
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