Bio-enzymes are environmentally friendly biocatalysts with great advantages. If the reaction speed is fast, the processing conditions (such as temperature, PH value, etc.) are mild, the operation is safe and easy to control and can replace the alkali and other chemicals. Bio-enzymes work only on specific substrates and have minimal damage to the substrate. The wastewater from the treatment can be biodegraded, reducing water and energy consumption. After more than a century of research by scientists, it is generally believed that there are more than 3,000 known enzymes. The application of bio-enzymes in the textile industry was initially applied to the desizing process of cotton fabrics with alpha-amylase. Cellulase was later applied to denim washing and bio-polishing processes. Nowadays, bio-pulping of pectinase has been developed. Technology, catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide enzymes, application of proteases on silk and wool fibers, etc. At present, the application of biological enzymes in textiles has a wide range of technologies, including fiber modification, silk degumming, degumming of raw hemp (ramie, flax, and kenaf), desizing, scouring, finishing and net washing of textiles, textile printing and dyeing. The waste water treatment and clothing processing and other aspects of the application. Bio-enzyme technology has unique advantages in improving the dyeing and finishing process, saving energy, reducing environmental pollution, improving product quality, adding value, and developing new raw material products. At present, the most widely used enzyme preparations in textile processing are cellulase, protease, amylase, pectinase, lipase, peroxidase, laccase, and glucose oxidase. To develop new uses of biological enzymes in textile finishing, develop low-energy enzyme cleaning agents, and use various biological enzymes in textile processing to replace extensive, high-energy, and heavy-polluting chemical processes. The development trend of the pharmaceutical industry and the printing and dyeing industry. At present, domestic printing and dyeing factories use more amylase, cellulase, hydrogen peroxide enzyme, protease and alkaline pectinase produced by Denmark Novozymes and the United States Genencor. There are also many chemical companies in China that have developed some types of biological enzymes, such as the SKD series of scouring enzymes (genetically modified biological complex enzyme preparations) developed by Shanghai Yongguang Chemical Trading Company, which can be applied to the pretreatment of different types of textiles; Shanghai Sco-lase100T, a biological enzyme remover researched and developed by the Municipal Textile Science Research Institute, is composed of a biological compound enzyme and a chelating dispersant. However, in general, the domestic variety is single and the application effect is not ideal. The development of enzyme preparations is very fast. With the application of bioengineering and transgenic technology in the enzyme preparation industry, enzymes can be modified and genetically recombined to obtain the desired enzyme preparation. For example, encoding a temperature-resistant DNA into an amylase allows the enzyme to be used at high temperatures. The specificity of the catalytic reaction of the enzyme preparation eliminates the occurrence of side reactions. The catalytic rate of the enzyme is very fast, which is one billion times faster than the ordinary chemical reaction. The decomposition products are also relatively simple and easy to remove from the fabric and save the washing water. The advantages determine that it is favored in dyeing and finishing. The application fields of enzyme preparations in the dyeing and finishing industry are continuously expanding, such as desizing, scouring, bleaching, fiber polishing, wool picking and pilling, wool descaling, stone grinding of jeans, degumming of silk, and can be used in the future. Wool and silk dyeing, and degreasing before dyeing, etc., the key is to use the most appropriate enzyme preparations. At present, the key technologies that need to be further solved include: 1. The application of novel enzymes in textile processing. Researchers are currently investigating new enzyme species by screening strains with certain functions, genetically modifying them into high-performance enzyme agents, or by cloning, transgenic or genetically engineered bacteria to make new enzyme species, or according to chemical biological structures. And enzyme principles orientation synthesis of new enzyme agents. These novel enzyme agents have become mimetic enzymes, and currently more successful enzymes include PVA-degrading enzymes, polyester-degrading enzymes, genetic engineering bacteria that decompose nylon oligomers, and synthetic enzymes. 2, the application of non-environmental pollution of the protease on the surface of sheep flake scalp proper degree of catalytic hydrolysis and refinement, combined with polyurethane and softener finishing technology to make the cashmere feel and quality to reach or close to cashmere. Polyurethane and amino silicone oil softeners were used together to study their synergistic effects. The effect of oxidation pretreatment of sheep cashmere on the catalytic hydrolysis of sheep cashew cuticles by proteases was investigated, and reasonable pretreatment methods and processes were explored. 3. To study the effect of cellulase on the structure and properties of cellulose fibers. For the actual application of cellulase, poor reproducibility of the finishing effect, large loss of fiber strength, the mechanism of the action of the cellulose fiber is not very clear, and the method for measuring cellulase activity cannot predict the actual treatment effect. , Establish cellulase activity assays. To study the changes in structure and properties of fibers treated with different energetic enzymes, and to investigate the external factors affecting the enzyme treatment effects. 4. Research on enzymatic modification of chemical fiber: The use of acrylic fiber hydrolase, acrylic hydratase and amidase to improve the acrylic fiber's poor hygroscopicity, high surface resistance, and serious electrostatic phenomenon. The biodegradation and surface modification of the polyester are achieved by using a combination of various lipases, thereby improving the hydrophilicity and moisture retention of the polyester fiber and increasing the dye uptake of the disperse dye. Study the modification of Lyocell by biological enzymes.
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