First, select breeds that meet the breed's characteristics. Take the Liaoning Cashmere Goat as an example. The standard appearance of the Liaoning Cashmere Goat is white coat, well-balanced structure, long hair on the front and subgingival warts. The male and female rams have horns. The ram's horns are large and extend to two spirals. The ram's horn is curled out to the rear. The neck is wide, the neck is well-integrated, the back is straight, legs and feet are strong, the tail is short and thin, and the tip of the tail is upturned. Fluff mixed, plush white, silky. Those who do not meet the appearance characteristics of the varieties are not suitable for breeding sheep. Some individuals have short, white coats and slender necks. They are often the offspring of cashmere goats and dairy goats. If black or yellow hair individuals appear in the offspring of males and females, the ram or ewes germplasm are impure. There are black lines at the horns of the rams, and black lambs are often found in offspring. Individuals with impure germplasm have unstable genetic performance. Although the amount of cashmere produced is high, the effects of pure reproduction and improvement are not ideal. Second, according to the relationship between the characteristics of the selection of breeding sheep should choose a large body, cashmere fiber long and dense, strong reproductive power, purebred cashmere goats do sheep. Under normal circumstances, the cashmere goat's traits have the following relationship: the larger the body size, the higher the body weight, indicating that the stronger the intake power and viability, the faster the growth and development; the longer, the denser the velveteen fiber, the thinner the wool. The higher the amount of cash produced, the reverse is also true. In the good age (3 to 5 years old), the well-publicized male and female ewes have strong reproductive ability; the male and female ewes during the breeding and old age have poor reproductive ability, and malnutrition and reproductive defects will affect the reproductive function of the sheep. Third, buy 1-2 years old sheep in the embryonic mid-late period, the velvet pouches begin to develop, to the lamb 4 months of age weaning, the velvet pouch has been developed more than 90%. Liaoning Cashmere Goats have increased their cash production from 1 to 3 years of age, produced high cashmere at the age of 1 year, and produced higher cashmere production at the age of 2 to 3 years; they have high cashmere production at the age of 2 and high cashmere production at the other ages. Fourth, according to pedigree selection of breeding sheep, a kind of sheep's grandparents, parents of good cashmere performance or their compatriots, half brothers and sisters of the cashmere performance is good, then its own cashmere production performance is also likely to be good. If the yield of their offspring is relatively high, it can be inferred that the sheep have good cashmere production and genetic stability. The lambing performance of Liaoning Cashmere goats also has such a regularity. In the selection of Liaoning cashmere goat individuals, in order to avoid the decrease in cashmere production, physical decline, stillbirth, teratogenicity, and weak births caused by inbreeding, it is necessary to carefully review the pedigree. In production, due to the frequent transfer of sheep between users and users, it often results in the purchase of rams as the descendants of the last ewes purchased, resulting in child mothers; the rams purchased are the fathers of the ewes they purchase. Father and daughter; purchased rams and ewes born to their parents, that is, sibling matching and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a complete pedigree file for the breeding sheep farms. Seed selection users should also go to the breeding sheep farm with complete pedigree files to purchase sheep. V. Choosing cashmere fibers for cashmere cashmere goats at the right time is not a balanced growth throughout the year. Take Liaoning Cashmere Goats as an example, cashmere fiber has grown slowly since late June and has gradually accelerated since then, reaching 8-10 months. The peak of growth, and then gradually slow down, is the growth of the late August-November. By the beginning of February of the following year, it basically stopped growing. In March-April, the velvet fiber began to separate from the skin (floating), and the combing began in mid-April to early May. Therefore, the observation of cashmere production from the floating period to the combing is relatively accurate and easy to observe, and from September to December, although the production of cashmere can be observed, the accuracy is relatively low; and after combing, the experience Lesser people, with the naked eye can not tell the level of cashmere production. Sixthly, it is necessary to ensure that there are no hidden dangers in breeding sheep. Before purchasing sheep, it is necessary to investigate the epidemic of the local epidemic, vaccination and deworming, etc., and not to buy sheep in the epidemic areas. The purchased sheep must be checked and approved by the local inspection department before being purchased and transported. After arriving at the destination, they must observe and observe the animals for a certain period of time after the purchase of the breeding sheep. After determining that there is no outbreak, they will be reared in groups. Seven, according to local conditions and measures, fully and effectively use the purchase of sheep funds Although the Liaoning cashmere goat is currently the world's highest production of cashmere, excellent cashmere quality white goat species, in its origin Liaodong Peninsula has a huge group, but the individual There is also a big difference. Its individual production of cashmere from 200-300 grams to more than 1,000 grams, the price of several hundred dollars to several thousand dollars or even more than 10,000 yuan. This requires the user to act according to the local actual and personal funds, and to use the sheep capital appropriately and effectively. Such as strong financial resources, superior feeding conditions, and strong technical force, you can purchase high-quality breeding ewes in groups, select excellent rams for breeding, and select and raise them from generation to generation, selling sheep and cashmere. On the contrary, the selected criteria should be appropriately increased, selling cashmere, vegetable sheep and expanding the group to increase income. If it is used to improve local cashmere goat breeds, it is advisable to select individuals with a cashmere yield of more than 300 grams above the local variety in order to receive significant improvements. If the original population has high production performance and the phenotype is relatively uniform, genetically stable special-grade male and female ewes should be selected to further improve the production performance of the population. (Liaoning Liaoning Cashmere Goat Original Farm Wang Shiquan)
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