Watermelon pollution-free cultivation techniques

First, choose the varieties of disease resistance, high quality, high yield, resistant to storage, good commercial and low temperature varieties. 2. Seed Disinfection and Treatment Exposure the seeds for 1 to 2 days. Soak the seeds with warm water at 55°C for 30 minutes. Stir continuously until the water temperature drops to 30°C. Soak for 16 hours and then remove and soak in 10% trisodium phosphate solution. Minutes, rinse immediately with water to sow. 3. Soil preparation and timely cultivating before planting and fertilizing, squeezing finely and leveling the soil. The basic fertilizer should be mainly farmyard manure. Generally, the quality of Mushi is 6,000 to 8,000 kilograms of quality manure, 30 to 40 kilograms of diammonium phosphate and 40 kilograms of potassium sulfate. Fully fermented oil residue 150 to 200 kilograms. All kinds of fertilizers were mixed and spread on the ground to plough and flatten the soil. First press the dry pond 2.0 meters, the ditch width 0.5 meters crossed, then take the soil ridging, ridge height 20 centimeters, pond surface beat fine. Fourth, Daejeon Management 1. After the seedlings and seedlings are planted, attention should be paid to frost prevention. When the seedlings are about to top the membranes, the seedlings should be planted in a timely manner. When a true leaf is to be planted, one hole should be planted. 2, pruning watermelon seedlings began to pull vines to remove the rhizosphere side vines to take a single vine pruning, melon vines grow 1 meter long, the pressure vines, melon wolfberry grow excessively deep pressure, separated by 5-6 node pressure once, before the melon After each pressure, the side vines appear to be destroyed in time. 3, pollination and artificial pollination should be carried out every morning in the morning, cloudy days can be delayed until 1 pm. Production generally does not leave root melons, generally staying better in the 9-12 section. 4. Water and Fertilizer Management Generally, no fat is topped off from the melons. If the soil strength is poor, and the plant growth is weak, a sufficient amount of mature oil residue can be used in combination with a certain amount of chemical fertilizer. After the melon seat is steadily swelled, the melon water is weighed in. The mu application of potassium sulfate weighs 5 kilograms, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5 kilograms, and diammonium phosphate 10 kilograms. Watermelon is watered once in 5-7 days before sowing, and it is generally not watered at seedling stage to carry out seedlings, which promotes the development of roots in depth and enhances the ability of the plants to absorb water and fertilizer. It is found that when water is lacking, 5-6 leaves are watered once, watermelon Stop watering after setting. It is forbidden to use municipal wastes, sewage sludge, nitrate nitrogen fertilizers and organic fertilizers that have not been detoxified. 5. Harvesting and harvesting shall be timely harvested according to maturity, market sales, and transportation distance. After the harvest is completed, the stubble and rotten leaves shall be promptly removed, and the harmless treatment shall be centralized to keep the production environment clean. Fifth, comprehensive pest control 1, the main pests and dampness damping-off, blight, blight, locusts, spotted fly, whitefly and so on. 2. The principle of prevention and control In accordance with the plant protection policy of “prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and control,” adhere to the principle of harmless treatment with agricultural control, physical prevention and control, biological control as the main and chemical control as the supplement. 3. Agricultural control For the major pest control subjects, select varieties that are resistant to diseases and have strong resistance to stress, turn crops in a reasonable manner, rotate with non-guad crops for more than three years, clean the pasture, deepen the soil, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, and create Appropriate to the growth of vegetables in the environmental conditions, increase phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, and more high-quality, decomposed farmyard fertilizer, enhance the crop's own stress resistance, using grafted cultivation techniques. 4. Physical prevention and control uses a variety of physical measures to prevent vegetable pests and diseases, such as drying seeds, soaking seeds in warm water, soaking in salt water, using roots such as AM and EM, etc. to irrigate roots, killing germs and insect pests by high-temperature composting, and preventing soil from falling into the ground. Soil pests and diseases, hanging yellow sticky board trapping insects in the field. 5, biological control with agricultural streptomycin, neomycin and other diseases prevention and treatment. 6, drug control (1), damping-off, blight early stage of the disease with 64% anti-virus WP 500 times liquid spray control. (2) The bacterial wilt was sprayed with 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 500 times or 40% Dupont-starred EC 800 times or 22.9% anti-varietin 800 times. (3) For anthrax disease, 25% carbon tetrachloride wettable powder 600 times liquid and 80% large wettable powder 600 times liquid spray are used for prevention and control. (4) Fusarium Wilt 50% carbendazim WP 300 to 500 times before flowering, 150 ml per plant, once every 10 days, and irrigation twice. (5) The aphids were sprayed with 10% benidimorphone (Dagong Chen) WP 1000 times, once every 7 days, and sprayed twice. (6) Liriomyza chinensis 40% Loessben EC 1000 times or 40% chlorella EC 1000 times spray control. (7), Whitefly with 20% eradication of EC 2000 times solution, can also be 25% of fluconazole 1000 times wettable powder and 40% DuPont Fuxing 800 times alternating emulsion liquid, better control effect. China Agricultural Network Editor

Medicine Peptides

Medicine Peptides and protein drugs are emerging. There are now 35 important therapeutics on the market, and the development of biotechnology and biopharmaceutical companies is becoming increasingly global. Biotechnology drug research focuses on the application of DNA recombinant technology to develop peptides, proteins, enzymes, hormones, vaccines, cell growth factors and monoclonal antibodies that can be used in clinical applications. According to Parexl's Pharmaceutical R&D Statistical Source Book, there are currently 723 biotech drugs under FDA review (including phase â…° to iii clinical and FDA evaluation), 700 drugs are in early stage (research and preclinical). More than 200 additional drugs are in the final stage of approval (Phase iii clinical and FDA evaluation). The basic dosage form of biotech drugs is lyophilized. Although the efficacy of conventional preparations has long been clinically proven, they need to be injected frequently for a long time due to their short half-life, which is difficult to accept from the perspective of psychological and economic burden on patients. To this end, scholars around the world mainly from two aspects to study and develop convenient and reasonable drug delivery approaches and new preparations: (1) embedment agent and sustained-release injection. â‘¡ Non-injectable dosage forms, such as respiratory inhalation, rectal administration, nasal administration, oral administration and transdermal administration, etc. Injectable preparations of sustained-release biotechnological drugs are new dosage forms with promising applications. Some of them, such as microsphere injections of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues which can be sustained-release for 1 to 3 months, have been on the market. This paper focuses on this kind of preparations.Main types of peptides and protein drug sustained-release preparations The research and development of peptides and protein drug sustained-release preparations can be divided into two types, namely, embedment agent and microsphere injection, from the perspective of development process and dosage form. The shape of the implant is a hollow micro-fine rod, one end is closed, the other end is open, and the rod material is non-biodegradable polymer such as ptfe. The lumen was filled with a mixture of drugs and silica gel (silastic, polydimethylsiloxane). The implant is embedded under the skin, and the drug is released slowly through the opening of silica gel matrix. The American Physicians' Handbook (PDR) contains a product called Norplant? Levo-18 ethyl norethinnes, used in family planning. The preparation, each with a diameter of 2.4 mm and a length of 34 mm, is surgically implanted in the inner side of the patient's upper arm with 6 thin rods. The drug can be released in the body in zero-grade mode for up to 5 years, and then removed by surgery after release,1.1.2 Micro-osmotic pump embedding agent The United States Alza company in the 1970s developed an embedding agent shaped like a capsule, which is embedded in the skin or other parts. The body fluid can penetrate through the shell, dissolve the interlayer electrolytic layer, make the volume expansion of the interlayer pressure to the plastic inner cavity, and promote the drug solution from the opening of the fixed speed release. Many biomolecular drugs, such as insulin, heparin and nerve growth factor, have been reported as model drugs in vivo and in vitro. Implants have positive significance for the treatment of chronic patients who need long-term medication, but it has the following defects: â‘  must be surgically implanted. â‘¡ The skeleton material of the preparation is non-biodegradable polymer, which needs to be removed by surgery after release. â‘¢ The preparation has irritation and discomfort in local tissues. Evaluation methods for polypeptide protein drugs: 1. Liquid chromatography 2. Spectroscopic 3. Solvent-based versions are easy to use, but need to be kept at low temperatures (2-8 degrees Celsius).

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