In the deep winter, there were more abnormal weather such as strong winds and continuous overcast snow, which seriously affected the production of the shed. In this case, how should vegetable production be managed?
Management needs to change! Take insulation measures in advance
Low temperature in advance
Vegetable farmers should listen to the weather forecast of the local weather station every day, and lower the management temperature 2~3 days before the arrival of cold wave, open the air vents early and close the air vents at night, extend the air release time, implement low-temperature seedlings, and the temperature of the shed should gradually decrease to vegetables. It is advisable to suffer from frost damage.
Do multi-layer coverage
The management of cold wave weather focuses on heat preservation, and when the temperature drop is large, the goal is to protect the vegetables in the shed from freezing damage. At night, the shed film should be covered with grass thatch or insulation quilt. When the temperature drop is large in the deep winter, it should be covered with non-woven fabric or old shed film to improve the thermal insulation effect. .
In addition, hang the windshield made of old shed film on the inside of the greenhouse door. The height is higher than that of vegetables, generally 2.5~3.0 meters in height and 3~4 meters in length to prevent cold air from entering the greenhouse and blowing vegetables directly and prevent vegetables near the door. Suffered from freezing damage.
Take anti-freezing measures
When the minimum temperature of the weather forecast is below -15°C, pay attention to the night temperature. If the temperature in the shed drops to 3~4°C at 3~4 midnight, melons and solanaceous vegetables may suffer freezing damage in the early morning. Temporary warming measures should be taken immediately. In the past two years, the greenhouse temperature increasing block has been popularized very well. It is convenient to use. The temperature increasing block can use 3 to 4 blocks per acre, which can increase the temperature by 4~5℃.
The shed is going to change! Keep sunny on cloudy days and prevent "flash shed"
In winter, in order to cope with the "flashing shed" on continuous cloudy days, vegetable farmers have explored the good experience of "opening the flowers and spraying warm water". However, time has passed, and nowadays, the winter-heated high-temperature greenhouses almost all use roller shutters and insulation quilts. Obviously, it is impossible to uncover the flowers by using the roller shutter. Therefore, in the past two years, after the cloudy days have cleared, many vegetable farmers have always "flickered the shed", causing acute wilting of vegetables, and severe flower drop. Fruit drop, serious loss. So, how should vegetable farmers who use roller shutters deal with the "flash shed" situation?
First, the thermal insulation of the greenhouse is opened by one-third or one-quarter
After the cloudy day suddenly turns fine, you can first open the greenhouse by one-third or one-quarter, and don't pull up all the insulation so that all the vegetables are exposed to the sun. When the sun is too strong, the front face of the shed can be pulled apart first, because the light entering from the front face of the shed is mostly scattered light, after a few periods of time, the heat preservation is gradually raised, and the vegetables usually do not wilt acutely.
Pull and release the insulation quilt repeatedly
The heat preservation can be pulled up for 5 minutes and then put it down, and then pulled up after 5 minutes. Repeat the operation, each time the interval is gradually extended. Generally, after three to five times, the vegetables in the shed will suddenly change the environment Will adapt to it, no more acute wilting. If mild wilting occurs, it can be relieved by spraying warm water.
If the temperature outside the shed is not very low, pull the insulation quilt early
Observe the weather changes carefully. If you find that the sky is about to clear, if the temperature outside the shed feels that the temperature is not very low, you can roll up the heat preservation before the sun is exposed. This will cause acuteness compared to pulling up the heat preservation quilt after the sun comes out. The chance of wilting is much smaller.
Roll up the insulation and cover it with a floating film to block
During the interview, the author found that some vegetable farmers first pulled up the insulation quilt after clearing the sky after continuous cloudy days, and then re-covered the removed floating film on the shed film. Because the light transmittance of the floating film is very low, it will weaken the light penetration. , It can effectively avoid the "flash shed" caused by pulling the heat preservation too quickly.
Remaining fruit will change! Pay attention to "lighten the burden" for the plant
After entering the deep winter, there are more abnormal weather such as strong winds and continuous overcast and snow, which seriously affects the normal growth of vegetables, and the growth of plants is often weak. However, in this weather, vegetable prices are often high, so vegetable farmers always try to make their vegetables more fruitful and yield more. In this case, the debilitating plants are often overwhelmed, exhausting their "body" prematurely, and appearing with symptoms of premature aging. Therefore, in abnormal weather, we vegetable farmers not only should not be too "greedy", but also pay attention to appropriately reduce the burden on plants and fruits, and lay a solid foundation for the overall high yield of vegetables.
Under normal circumstances, it is not too terrible to cool down by strong winds. I am afraid that we will encounter continuous snowy weather. Because in this kind of weather, vegetables are often unable to open the shed. Because the light cannot be seen, the temperature and light in the shed cannot be guaranteed. Once it grows, when the plant consumes too much organic nutrients and is insufficiently supplemented, it will surely become "wasted" day by day, the fruit produced is also poorly commercialized, and there are many deformed fruits. Therefore, in the event of continuous snowy weather and the shed cannot be opened for more than three days, it should be considered to reduce the burden of thinning plants. The amount of fruit thinning depends on the actual situation. Generally, the amount of fruit hanging for eggplants and sweet peppers should not exceed two; only one cucumber can be left over 20 cm. Tomatoes usually have 5-6 ears in winter. When the weather is overcast and snowy, one ear can be thinned out, or one ear with more fruit can be thinned out, and another ear can be left after the plant recovers when the weather turns clear to prevent affecting the overall yield.
After the fruit is thinned, even if the weather is bad, open the shed as much as possible, polish the shed film, and assist in hanging the reflective film in the shed, and install the fill light to make the vegetables more visible and produce more organic nutrition. It can effectively avoid plant weakness and the production of deformed fruits such as rigid fruits and hollow fruits.
After the weather is good, you should pay attention to timely fertilization and nourishment for the plants. For example, using 8-10 kg of full-nutrient fertilization per acre with water, which can quickly supplement the nutrients needed by the plants and help the rapid recovery of vegetables. At the same time, it can be used in conjunction with 6000 times liquid Aiduoshou or 1500 times liquid Yunda 120 to spray plants, both of which are conducive to the rapid rejuvenation of plants.
Medication needs to change! The drug concentration needs to be adjusted
Everyone knows that it is easy to cause phytotoxicity when using vegetables on cloudy days in winter, causing yellow leaves, falling flowers and fruits and other undesirable phenomena. Therefore, we have been advocating to avoid using medicines on even cloudy days in winter, but we have to take medicines when the condition is severe. So, how to use good medicine rationally in the winter even cloudy days to protect vegetables from the suffering of medicine?
Reasonably control the application time of pesticides
In winter, use powder and aerosol to avoid increasing the humidity in the shed. When it is necessary to use liquid spray, be sure to hold the time and amount of pesticide application to avoid phytotoxicity. Spraying on cloudy days in winter must be done in the morning so that there is sufficient ventilation and dehumidification time after spraying.
Do not dry after spraying
There are three reasons for the occurrence of phytotoxicity: high temperature, strong medicine, and dry medicine. Among them, non-drying medicine is often encountered on cloudy days, and the humidity is high in cloudy days. After spraying, if the medicine does not dry on the leaves for a long time, it will damage the surface of the leaves and increase the absorption of some systemic drugs. Therefore, cloudy and rainy days The spraying should prevent the damage caused by the non-drying of the medicine, and the spraying can be changed to spray dust or smoke aerosol.
Smoke sheds on cloudy days must prevent air damage
Even if the ventilation time is short on cloudy days or it is impossible to release the wind at all, because the air in the shed is not easy to replace, it is easy to cause harmful gases to accumulate in the shed and cannot be discharged outside the shed in time. Therefore, the smoked shed is more likely to produce air damage under cloudy conditions. For example, some vegetable tender leaves are whitish or yellowish; some flower buds and young fruits are easy to fall off after being damaged by air. Most vegetable farmers mistakenly believe that smoked sheds on a cloudy day are a better way to use medicine. They don’t know if the weather can’t turn to sunny the next day after smoking the shed or if it’s still snowy and can’t let the wind out, the smoked shed will prevent pests and diseases for too long. Cause crop damage. Therefore, the weather forecast for smoked sheds on cloudy days, and even the smoked sheds on cloudy days must be more cautious.
It is not advisable to spray immediately after a cloudy day suddenly turns clear
After a few days of continuous cloudy days suddenly turn clear, the leaf surface of vegetables is not strong for long time photosynthesis, resulting in thin, yellow and tender leaves, and weak fibrous tissue, which is easy to produce phytotoxicity. It should be ventilated and exposed to light for 2 to 3 days before spraying. If the vegetable leaves are severely wilted, a half-placed insulation quilt should be used for shading. Or use warm water spray to relieve. If the disease is serious and eager to prevent and cure the disease, it can be sprayed with a dusting agent, because the dusting agent will not increase the humidity in the shed, and the disease prevention effect is also good. At the same time, strengthen agricultural operations to achieve comprehensive control.
Pay attention to the symptoms and medication
Even cloudy days often cause various diseases, air damage, fertilizer damage, phytotoxicity, and physiological diseases in greenhouse vegetables in winter. Vegetable farmers should pay attention to differentiation and use symptomatic drugs in actual production, otherwise they will blindly use drugs for disease prevention and control regardless of the situation. On the contrary, it aggravated the symptoms of vegetable damage and affected normal production.
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