In global warming, and the international community calls for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and environmental sustainability requirements, one of the most serious challenges facing the development of animal husbandry is the problem of the innocuous disposal of animal excreta. The traditionally harmless treatment is heavily buried and composted. The deep burial only solves the problem of not seeing feces on the ground, but it cannot solve the problem of penetration of harmful substances underground. Although Japan has solved the problem of infiltration, it cannot solve the problem of volatilization of ammonia in the composting process. The composition of ammonia is very good, but it is easy to evaporate and it is a waste. It is not only odor, but also harmful to the atmosphere than carbon dioxide. This is the key to solving greenhouse emissions. How to turn livestock waste into treasure, harm it, and solve the problem of evaporation of ammonia. On September 24th, Mr. Honda Masano, head of the Biomass Utilization Research Group of the Institute of Animal Production and Grassland Research in Nasu, Nasu Prefecture The test site in Yanyuan City briefed reporters on their latest research results—the composting and aerobic fermentation processing technology, and the experimental conditions of this technology in Japan and the experimental work that they will carry out in Zhenjiang and other places in China.
Mr. Honda said that the biggest feature of their compost aerobic fermentation technology is low cost, the second is light equipment, easy to transport, the third is simple and easy to use, easy to grasp and use, the fourth is not only can effectively solve the ammonia evaporation Problems can also turn waste into treasure and increase revenue.
Mr. Honda calculated for the reporter that a total of 700,000 tons of nitrogen was discharged from the livestock manure in Japan, of which 210,000 tons was returned to the atmosphere, and the nitrogen discharged from the poultry house in this 210,000 tons was 7 Tens of thousands of tons of nitrogen are discharged during the management process. The other 60% to 70% are treated as compost. The conversion of 210,000 tons of nitrogen into ammonia is 255,000 tons. This 255,000 tons of ammonia is wasted on evaporation. In addition, fertilizer production requires the production of synthetic ammonia. The process of producing synthetic ammonia also uses energy. Is this not a double waste? Our technology is to recycle ammonia that is evaporated into the atmosphere. The ammonia produced during the composting process evaporates and about 20% of the ammonia evaporates; ammonia is stable and does not evaporate. Ammonia fertilizer is an indispensable nutrient for crop growth. It is easier for animals to digest the straw after ammoniating. Therefore, it can be said that the use of ammonia gas can not pollute the environment, and it can be used as a fertilizer for plants and can also improve the digestion performance of straw feed.
Mr. Honda said that the difference with traditional compost fermentation technology is that: the traditional method is to supply air from below under low pressure, is aerobic fermentation, ammonia vaporizes; this technology is to inhale the air from below, can reduce ammonia evaporation We have an exhaust pipe below the compost, absorb the evaporated ammonia, use it as a liquid fertilizer, and send other heat to the greenhouse for energy use. The key point is to use neutralizing liquid as a liquid fertilizer for crops.
The other technical key point of this equipment is: turning the small holes of the exhaust pipe into four large holes in the past, putting the wood chips in the four large holes, and turning the machine to turn the compost to turn the compost with a mechanical gripper. . These two approaches solve the problem of blockage of the pipe hole. The treated compost is soft, odorless and sterile. It is used as a gasket and is good for the health of livestock. Because the fermentation temperature during composting is as high as 80°C (general compost fermentation temperature is less than 60°C), composting, parasites, and weed seeds can be killed during the composting process, which helps prevent crop pests and diseases. The spread of grass, the compost produced in this way can be safely applied to farmland. At the same time, the ammonia recovered from the composting process can be applied as a top dressing to rice fields. 1 ton of raw manure can recover 1 kilogram of ammonia and produce phosphorus-ammonia liquid fertilizer. After the technical development, the cost per ton of fertilizer can be reduced from 905 yen to 600 yen or less; fermentation heat recovery is 1 ton of raw manure and 23.8 liters of kerosene can be recovered. Earn an interest of 1,450 yen; CO2 gas is used for gardening, and it can earn around 500 yen.
When the reporter asked about the cost of the recycling equipment and the size of the applicable farmers, Mr. Honda said that the cost of a set of recycling equipment was less than 1 million yen, and the equipment was lighter and the 2 tons of trucks could be transported. Scale farmers (scale farmers in Japan generally refer to more than 10 cattle, more than 100 pigs, more than 2,000 chickens, and more than 10 horses) and the average farmer can use it, and the smallest equipment can solve 60 feces of cattle. However, the use of large farms will be better.
Mr. Honda emphasized that animal husbandry is an expensive industry. On the one hand, the animal husbandry sector has the characteristics of converting wastes from other industries into resources for reuse. For example, the animal husbandry uses the leftovers of the food processing industry as feed and gaskets. On the other hand, China lacks freshwater resources. If water is contaminated during the development of animal husbandry, it will be difficult to control in the future. Therefore, we are cooperating with Zhenjiang Changjiang Dairy Company and Asahi Beer Shandong Laiyang Farm to apply this technology to China's large cattle farms.
At the experimental site of the Animal Husbandry and Grassland Research Institute, the reporter did not smell bad at the compost disposal site, but was somewhat like the taste of vinasse; he picked up a handful of processed compost by hand and felt dry and soft; in the greenhouse The fertilizer and heat that the reporter saw for the growth of the strawberries were recovered from the compost.
In China, animal husbandry is also an expensive industry and faces many environmental and sustainability challenges. Mr. Honda and their research institute have made this bright way for this expensive industry to explore. Although there is still a long way to go, after all, we see that the dawn is ahead.
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