As a special aquatic product, river crabs are increasingly demanded by the market. In recent years, with the development of the aquaculture industry, the over-exploitation of the natural environment by humans has caused severe damage to the ecological environment on which aquatic animals depend, and the lack of scientific supply of feed. As a result, the growth rate is slow, survival rate is low, the product size is small, the unit benefit declines, and its disease becomes more and more serious, easily causing devastating disasters and directly affecting the enthusiasm of the people for breeding. In order to protect the ecological environment, reduce the diseases of aquatic animals and improve the survival rate of breeding, in 2001, our center carried out the ecological and ecological breeding of pond crabs at 66,000m2 ponds in Yangcun and Liuji Township, Fengtai County, and conducted this technology. Research and exploration of ecological health breeding. The experimental situation will be described as follows: 1 Test materials 1, 1 Pond conditions 3,300 m 2 / 2 ponds, Tangkou environment is quiet, the bottom is flat, the bottom is clay, mud is about 5 cm deep, pool depth is 1.5 meters, Fresh water, no pollution, easy injection and drainage. 1,2 Clear Pond Disinfection 1~2 months pond clear pond, remove excess silt, refurbish pond dip, let sunlight exposure, on the 16th of February water depth 10 cm with quick lime 250 kg/660 m 2 clear pond, kill Dead wild fish and pests and diseases. 1ã€3 Set up anti-escape facilities Take small bamboo poles as support. Set thick plastic film to prevent escape from the wall. The height is 60 cm. Pull around the pond with a mesh of about 3 cm mesh to prevent people from entering. Preparation of 1,4 bait, 1,4,1 species of aquatic plants, transplanting in the pond about 1 week after the clear pond, and transplanting black algae in the middle of March to keep the depth of the pool 60 cm, making the density of transplanted plants reach 4 / Meter 2. 1, 4 and 2 bait raw material is put into the disinfected live snails 100 kg/660 m 2 about 10 days after the clear pond; in the month of May, the disinfected snails 250 kg/660 are placed according to the crab's eating and feeding conditions. m 2. 1,5 seed sources and stocking 1,5,1 juvenile juvenile purchased from Jiangsu in 2000, big-eyed larvae autotrophic fish species for local reproduction, cultivation. 1, 5, 2 seedlings size specifications juvenile crabs are neat in size, are 400 ~ 500 / kg; squid specifications are 20 / kg, squid specifications are 600 / kg, bright color, disease-free without injury. 1, 5, and 3 seedlings were reared on the March 15 pond, eel on March 30, and the catfish on the June 20 pond. 1, 6 Bait bait is mainly wild fish, pig blood, corn, wheat, supplemented by agricultural and sideline products such as bean cake. 1ã€7 Other facilities Tangkou has inlets and outlets, equipped with special water supply pumps, drains, and can be changed at any time. 2 Feeding Management 2,1 Feeding Feeding adheres to the principle of “two pigs, middle-green, and sophisticated greenâ€. All feeds are cooked, and animal feed accounts for about 35% of the total amount of feed. May prior to May. The amount of feeding is about 3.5% of the body weight of the crab. Once a day, the feeding time is from 9 to 10 am; after 5 servings, feed additives are added to the feed once a week, and the amount added is about 2%. , feeding 2 times a day, 9:00 am, 14:00 pm, the daily feeding rate is about 5%, feeding 50% in the afternoon and the other in the afternoon 15 to 16 points plus 1 fresh lettuce leaves and other vegetables Leaves, 3 kg/660 m 2 per day. In the feeding position, along the upper part of the slope along the water level line of the pond, 4 to 6 dedicated feeding sites are set for each pond, and fixed feeding is conducted. 3, 2 management of aquatic plants As the saying goes: “How much crabs, look at aquatic plantsâ€, so the amount must be sufficient every day when feeding, to prevent water plants from being destroyed, and if water plants in the pool are found to be reduced, they must be replenished in time so that the water plants can cover the pool. Reach the pond area above 50%. 2,3 Water quality management In addition to planting aquatic plants, stocking snails, and filter-feeding fish in ponds, deepen the water level as the temperature rises to about 1.5 meters during the entire period of crab cultivation, and lower the water level as the temperature decreases. At the same time every second month water depth of 1 meter with lime 9 ~ 10 kg / 660 m 2 water quality adjustment, found that when the partial water quality fertilizer to be timely withdrawal of old water Wu new water, to ensure that the water more than 35 cm in transparency. 3, 4 Preservation In addition to the use of quick lime every half month, in the seasons of watery mildew and ciliate disease in April-July, sulphate and copper sulphate mixtures should be used to prevent watery mildew, and fibroin nets should be used to prevent ciliate disease. ~2 times. 2,5 Anti-escape and periodical inspections Anti-escape facilities shall be regularly checked to prevent escape; nighttime inspections shall be conducted to prevent theft. 3 Test results 3,1 Harvesting After 230 days of careful harvesting, 6600 m 2 ponds were accepted at the beginning of November. The total harvested size was 100-200 g/crab 712 kg, of which the specification was 200 g/only 30 About 50% of the total weight is about 150 to 200 grams. 4ã€2 Benefit Analysis Harvest condition Variety specification g/only (tail) Yield (kg) Survival rate (%) Amount (yuan) Crab 100~200 712 70 32046 é²¢750~1000 250 1000 é³™150~250 150 900 鲫100~ 200 250 2750 Shrimp 150 2100 Total 1512 38796 3, 2, and 1 Total input 6600 m2 of ponds were put into 5600 yuan of crabs, 215 yuan of fish were input, 10155 kg of feed was fed, the amount was 5242 yuan, and the drug was 554 yuan. Tang rents 1,500 yuan, 1,000 yuan for escape prevention facilities, and 9,000 yuan for wages. The total investment is 23,111 yuan. 3, 2, and 2 total income of breeding crabs 712 kg, with an average of 45 to 46 yuan / kg sold, including income of 32,046 yuan; 250 kg of carp sold to 4 yuan / kg, including income of 1,000 yuan; 150 kg of carp It was sold at RMB 6/kg, including RMB 900; RMB 250 kg of wild carp sold at RMB 11/kg, RMB 2750; RMB 150 kg, sold at RMB 14/kg, including RMB 2,100. The total income of m 2 is 38,796 yuan. 3, 2, 3 aquaculture efficiency of 6,600 m 2 net profit of 15,685 yuan, an average of 1568.5 yuan per 660 m 2 net profit, input-output ratio of 1:1.68. 4 Summary 5,1 In the entire test process, in addition to April 25, July 20 with ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate mixture to kill green moss and water mold; June 20, July 30 with fibrin net In the treatment of ciliate disease, no serious condition has occurred. 6,4,2 Healthy culture requires that the coverage of aquatic weeds accounts for more than 50% of the pond area. The first reason is that aquatic plants can purify water and increase dissolved oxygen. First, because aquatic plants are the best concealment, they can be better satisfied. The ecological environment needed for crab growth is conducive to the growth of crabs, reducing the occurrence of diseases and increasing the survival rate. 3-4 Healthy crabs in ponds require low stocking densities, on the one hand reducing seed costs; on the other hand reducing feed input costs, reducing investment by nearly 300 yuan/660 m2 compared to conventional farming; The individual specifications of commercial crabs have improved economic efficiency. 5, 4 Healthy Crabs Fresh snails in the pond can remove residual baits at the bottom of the pond and regulate the water environment. They can also provide fresh live bait for crabs and reduce production costs. After China's accession to the WTO, both vegetables and aquatic products require healthy green foods that do not use drugs or use less drugs. Eco-health farming solves the problems of excessive use of drugs and low yields and poor quality of aquatic products in the current aquaculture industry. It can also solve the adverse effects of culture on the ecological environment, so ecological health breeding mode will be the development direction of China's aquaculture industry.
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