Verticillium wilt is also called verticillium wilt, which is caused by infection with verticillium and leech. First reported by Germany in 1938. After the victim's damage, it showed yellowing, dwarfing, wilting and other symptoms. At the beginning of the disease, the tip and the leaf margin begin to turn yellow or yellow-purple, often forming a V-shaped chlorotic spot from the tip of the leaf. The upper leaf of the plant often folds along the midrib, and the later leaves turn light yellow and finally yellowish-white to dry to the whole plant. . The branches produced by the diseased plant leaves are fine and short. The height of diseased plants is usually 2/3 or 1/2 of that of healthy plants. The vascular bundles were yellow to dark brown when the stems were cut open. When the humidity is high in the field, there is sometimes a layer of gray mold on the surface of the diseased stem (ie, the conidial stem and conidia of the pathogen). According to relevant data, Verticillium dahliae Kleb. also produces similar symptoms. The hosts of the disease mainly include soybean, sand-wang, lotus root, red bean grass, peanut, eggplant, tobacco, tomato, cucumber, watermelon, potato, hops, chrysanthemum, dahlia, cotton and so on. The disease is mainly distributed in Germany, France, Italy, Poland, Denmark, Hungary, the former Czechoslovakia, the United Kingdom, the former Soviet Union, Canada, the United States, New Zealand and other places. China is located in Xinjiang and other places.
(B) Transmission routes and pathogenic conditions The pathogens overwinter on rickets, diseased bodies or other hosts and become the primary source of infestation in the following year. In the field, the transmission of spores through the airflow, and farm operations such as digging and watering are also one of the means of transmission. In addition, insects such as leaf-cutting bees, aphids, and roundworms can also be transmitted. Seeds with pathogenic bacteria can be transmitted long distances through seeding.
(three) control methods
(1) Strictly implement phytosanitary inspections to prevent the introduction of colonized seeds into non-occurring areas.
(2) Selection of resistant varieties such as CW227, CW301, CW360, WL232HQ, WL252HQ, WL323, Travois, Rambler, Anik, etc.
(3) The central diseased plants found in the field should be removed in a timely manner and destroyed to reduce spread.
(4) Remove the sick body in time and reduce the primary infestation source.
(5) Prevent pests in the field in time and reduce the transmission of disease vectors.
(6) Seed treatment: Before sowing, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid can be used for soaking seeds for 2 hours, or 50% seed weight of 2% thiram can be used for dressing.
(7) Chemical control: In the early stage of disease, 50% carbendazim WP may be used 500 times, or 50% thiophanate-methyl WP may be used to irrigate roots. Also can be used 58% Azhuangxing manganese zinc WP 1000 times, or 50% carbendazim WP 500 times wolfberry, or 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 500 times liquid spraying stems and leaves.
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