Wheat free (less) tillage cultivation techniques mean that soil cultivation or less tillage is not performed before wheat is sown, so as to save labor costs, ensure quality, reduce water and soil loss, fertilize soil, resist wet cultivation, and prevent droughts. A new wheat breeding technology system. This technology is mainly applicable to rice and wheat in our province. The main technical links are:
1. Pre-sowing: In addition, the characteristics of weeds growing in the field of free (less) cultivating of weeds are that the weeds are concentrated at the time of emergence, there are many types of pre-winter grasses, and the quantity is large and the damage period is advanced. Generally, spray control is carried out with 200-300 ml of 10% glyphosate solution per acre 3-5 days before sowing.
2. Scientific fertilization: First of all, rice should be ploughed beforehand and organic fertilizer should be added in order to improve soil physical and chemical properties, and enhance stamina, so as to provide nutrient conditions for the growth of barley-free (less) plowing wheat. The second is to apply base fertilizer to the season wheat, and spread the fertilizer evenly throughout the field before sowing. Generally, 2000-3000 kilograms of soil-fertilizer per acre, urea 20 kilograms, 15-20 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 15-20 kilograms of potassium chloride, or high-concentration granular compound fertilizer or compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, the amount of mu is 40. - 50 kg.
3. Build Sangou: Drainage and earthworms are the main disasters in the rice and buckwheat areas in our province, which seriously affect the normal growth of wheat, set up a set of ditch in the field, realize the accessibility of the ditch, and the “three ditch†of the ditch, gutter, and ditch. The supporting facilities can reduce the groundwater level in wheat fields, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in wheat fields, and reduce the occurrence and harm of pests and diseases, which is beneficial to the high yield of wheat.
4, sowing:
1 Mechanical Drilling: Mechanical Drilling not only saves labor costs, has high operating efficiency, but also has good seeding quality, high seedling emergence rate, and fast delivery. The specific method is to use the 2BG-6A or 2BM-5 type rotary tillage driller for direct operation in the suitable tillage period (0-10 cm in the surface layer and 30% or less in the soil moisture content) in late October to early November. One-time completion of shallow soil, trenching, sowing, earth covering, repression and other operations. The sowing rate per acre is 8-10?, the row spacing is 20-23? and the depth is 1-1.5?. Wheat seed should be seeded with seed dressing (25? wheat with 5% methyl ketone, octogenous seed dressing 90 ml into the sprayer, add water 1.5? Mixing while spraying and mixing, wheat slightly cold after the seed dressing Dry sowing) or better with coated seeds, the sowing volume is slightly higher than the conventional sowing volume of 10%, in order to help preserve the seedlings.
For some paddy fields with shallow plough layer, thick plough bottom layer or extremely heavy soil, the use of free (less) cultivators is not easy to operate. In order to reduce considerable tillage resistance, cultivators are used for rotary tillage and then common drills are used. Or sowing (less) tillage machine for sowing.
2 on-demand: sowing in late October to early November, suitable for early sowing. About 8 per acre sowing, plant spacing 16.7-20?, point 8-10?, 40,000 points per acre, 5-6 per hole.
(3) Spreading: Before winter, the semi-wintering cultivars will be sown on November 25th and the spring cultivars will be planted before November 5th, sowing about 10 æ¯ per acre.
5. Straw cover: Straw-covered wheat technology is applied in the wheat production with agricultural mechanization, less (free) tillage, improved seeds, formulated fertilization, and pest and weed protection comprehensive technology based on the implementation of straw cover, to protect the weeds, insulation, suppression of weeds , Agricultural practical technologies that increase soil organic matter and promote wheat yield. According to trials and data analysis, straw-covered wheat is returned to farmland in 300 ?, soil organic matter is generally increased by about 0.1% annually, and 200 稻 straw is equivalent to 3 å°¿ç´ urea, 2 磷 phosphate fertilizer and 8 é’¾ potash fertilizer, if it can make straw Potassium is fully utilized, and the potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rate can also be increased by 5%. In addition, straw cover reduces surface heat loss and water evaporation. In dry season, the moisture content of cover grass soil can be increased by 14-16%, and weeds can be reduced by 70-85%. In general, the yield of wheat can be increased by about 10%, and rice in the latter season can be increased by about 8%.
250-300 rice straws per acre (the amount of hay can be reduced appropriately), cutting into 10-20? is better, and the whole straw can also be used. It is advisable to return the fresh grass to the field, and a small amount of water should be added to the hay. Straw cover the field evenly, so that the grass is not piled up and the ground is not exposed. After the wheat is harvested, the grass is rotted and can be ploughed into the soil.
Matters needing attention: Before straw is returned to the field, it is required to spray and sterilize pesticides, prevent insects and weeds. Straw with serious pests and weeds should not be returned to the field and be burned as much as possible.
6, rational control, to prevent lodging. As the rotation of the seeds sown in the soil is shallow and the seedlings are thin, it is necessary to pour well overwintering water to prevent root damage and freezing injury. In the wheat growing season, wheat is sprayed with 35 ml of water and 40 kg of water per mu to control the disease. .
7, top dressing. Before and after the jointing stage, combined with rainfall or irrigation, to see seedlings per acre topdressing about 5 kg of urea, to prevent late defermentation of fat, for more than a large spike. If there are no topdressing due to drought or irrigation conditions, the foliar spray fertilizer should be taken into consideration during the earing stage. To prevent dry heat and high temperature ripeness, active potassium fertilizer such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed. Spray 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50 kg per mu in the booting and flowering period of wheat.
8, pest and weed control:
(1) In the late period of wheat growth, the production of the armyworm, scab, powdery mildew, and rust often causes a reduction in production, which must be prevented and treated in a timely manner.
Scab, powdery mildew: 80% carbendazim ultrafine powder per gram 50 grams plus 15% triadimefon WP 100 grams or 80% carbendazim ultrafine powder plus water 40? Uniform spray. If there is rain within 4 hours after spraying, additional spraying is required. If the cultivar is seriously affected and the drug encounters continuous high-temperature and high-humidity weather, the birth process is inconsistent (flowering period lasts for more than seven days), and it must be sprayed again 5-7 days after treatment.
Rust: The use of dinedron 1? Add 250? or 65% mancozebite 500-600 times, and cure three kinds of rust.
Mythimna separata: 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000 times spray
(2) weeding in wheat fields
Broad-leaved weeds use 20% per acre to make it grow 40-50 milliliters of emulsifiable concentrate, and water in the 3-5 leaf stage of wheat is sprayed with 40 leaves and stems;
Grassy weeds are sprayed with 40-60 ml of 6.9% hydrazine emulsion per acre and wilted water at 3-5 leaf stages of wheat.
Broad-leafed, grass-folk mixed per-mu with 55% Procacocyl Emulsion 125-150 ml in the true leaf stage of wheat to water before the jointing 40? stem leaf spray.
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