Qin Wangchuan is historically one of the arid regions in central Gansu, including Yongdeng and Gaolan 2 counties, with an area of ​​about 57,300 hectares of arable land. The area is flat, with an elevation of 1850-2300m. The soil layer is 0.6-1.0m thick. The soil is mainly calcareous, chestnut-calcium and loessial soil; the annual precipitation is 285mm, the evaporation is 1888mm, the average annual temperature is 5.9°C, and the annual sunshine hours 2659h, accumulative temperature 2893°C≥0°C, the photothermal conditions are suitable for the production of solar greenhouses, but the average soil salt content of Qinwangchuan Irrigation Area is 0.21%-0.24%, and the pH value is 8.0-8.5, which restricts the development of solar greenhouse. To this end, in the greenhouse of the Qin Wangchuan Experimental Station of the Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, a melon cultivation experiment under salt and alkali conditions was carried out. After five years of research and practice in autumn and winter, a solar greenhouse suitable for the region was explored. The technology of pollution production is introduced as follows.
1 The greenhouse optimization technology shall be installed in the ventilation openings and doorways of the solar greenhouses to prevent insect pests from moving in with the ventilation. Long-acting anti-aging non-drip film and grass-black mulch or silver-gray mulching film are used to prevent the occurrence of virus disease. In December, when the minimum temperature in the morning falls below 8°C, temporary heating is performed to ensure the normal growth of melon.
2 Variety Selection The Yinling and Honey world of the Taiwan Nongyou Seed & Maturation Company is a relatively suitable variety for planting in the Qinwangchuan Irrigation District. These two varieties are resistant to wilt disease, moisture and low temperature resistance, light green flesh, and delicate quality.
3 Cultivate strong seedlings
3.1 Preparation of nutrient soil Choose light loam, humus or rot stalks or mature horse dung, and decomposed sheep manure that have not been grown in 3 to 5 years for melons or solanaceous fruits, and mix 1:3 to 1 for each cubic meter. Rice soil was added 3kg of superphosphate and 2kg of urea, and 10% phoxim granules 0.5kg and 55% dexcone wettable powder 0.25kg were added, and the mixture was finely sieved. Cover film or film, seal, use high temperature in summer sunny, even 10 to 15 days of drying, so that the soil temperature reaches 60 °C above.
3.2 The seedbed was selected to be leeward in a dry place, with a width of 1.2m, a depth of 15cm, and a length of 9m. With 10cm10cm nutritional armored nutrient soil, placed neatly and evenly in the seedbed, the nutrition cover on the cover film, a small shed on the flat roof, the seedling bed with a shed film, exposed to 10 to 15 days for sterilization.
3.3 Appropriate sowing autumn and winter thick musk melon mainly supply the market during the New Year's Day to the Spring Festival, Qin Wangchuan Irrigation District autumn and winter thick musk melon cultivation should be planted in early August seedlings, seedling age of 20 to 25 days.
3.4 Immersion seed germination Soaking before sowing species for 1 day, then soaking in warm water at 55°C for 15 minutes, or 40% formalin 80 to 100 times for 30 minutes, or 0.1% potassium permanganate for 15 to 20 minutes at 25～30°C Moisturizing and germination in the environment. 75% seeds were sown after budding. Before 5 to 7 days before sowing, the shed film and mulch film on the seedbed shall be peeled off. The seedbed shall be filled with water one day before sowing, or the seedbed shall be filled with water. After the water is immersed, one seed will be placed on each nutrient pod to cover 1 to 1.5cm thick nutritious soil.
3.5 After the seedbed management point is planted, cover the mulch film and cover the shelter film with a layer of shade net. Control the temperature of the seedbed not to exceed 30°C during the day and not less than 15°C during the night. After 3 to 4 days, the top soil will emerge. Sunny day at 11:00～16:00, the shade film is covered on the shed film to reduce the light intensity, and the shed film around the small shed is uncovered. When 90% of the seedlings are unearthed, the mulching film on the rake surface is lifted to enhance ventilation and reduce the temperature. And humidity. Keep about 250C during the day and keep at 12-15°C in the evening until the seedlings have 2 leaves and 1 heart, 10-15cm high, and the stems are 0.5-0.8cm thick.
4 Preparation and colonization before planting
4.1 Rotary crops were planted in greenhouses that had not been grown for 3 years for melons and eggplants, soil pH<8.5, and salt content <0.5 mS/cm. Prevent the occurrence of root diseases.
4.2 Fertilization disinfection Apply 10 m3 of fully-composed sheep manure per 667 m2, 10% of phoxim granules 2.0 kg and 55% of dexcone WP 1.5 kg, and mix well with the surface. Cover film and film, sealed, use the summer high temperature weather in the greenhouse when the leisure, so that the indoor temperature reaches 60 °C above, or soil 10cm deep ground temperature of 40 °C or more, cumulative 120h, even the sun 10 to 15 days.
4.3 Soil preparation for each 667 square meters of DAP 40kg, urea 15kg, potassium sulfate 20kg, soil curing agent 40kg. After the leveling, according to the standard of narrow row 60cm, wide row 70cm, high 15cm, for a 70cm wide sorghum, leaving a 35cm wide, 15cm deep sluice within the sorghum, the sorghum planting the planting hole by the inner edge of the ditch, the hole distance 45cm.
4.4 Colonization on a sunny afternoon Colonization, irrigating the seedbed before planting, spraying 25% carbendazim WP 800 times and 20% extinguishing DF 2000x. According to the determination of the distance between the seedlings, the soil is watered, and the upper edge of the seedling is about 1 cm below the hole.
5 Field Management
5.1 After the plugging and seedling hole pouring water, the sorghum planting seedlings side wet soil 3 ~ 5cm wide, the same height with the surface, the bottom of the flood leveling. Cover black or silver-gray film, put the seedlings out of the membrane and block the seedlings to prevent salt and alkali damage.
5.2 Regular salt spray alkali improver Because of the way of watering without neck, part of the ground is exposed at the neck, and the phenomenon of salt reversion is likely to occur near the planting hole. After the extension of vines began, combined with irrigation root 10 to 15 days irrigation once 0.2% Kangdibao saline improver, even irrigation 2 to 3 times.
5.3 Pruning Hanging vines can be hung at any time according to the growing condition of the plants, removing diseased leaves, diseased flowers and lower old leaves in time to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions.
5.4 Temperature and humidity management Appropriate late release of the wind, when the indoor temperature quickly rises to 30 °C began to release the wind, when the temperature dropped to 25 °C, close the vent to delay the temperature drop, the night temperature is maintained at 13 ~ 18 °C, the relative humidity of the air to maintain 50% ~60% to prevent the occurrence of leaf mold and powdery mildew.
5.5 Fertilizer and Water Management 1 In the period of vine spreading fertilizer, when plants have 8 to 10 leaves, 667 square meters topdressing urea 7.5kg, diammonium phosphate 7.5kg, fermented oil residue 20kg. The urea and diammonium phosphate are directly dissolved in 10 cubic meters of water. After the residue is filtered out of the fermented oil residue, the filtrate is mixed with water. The three fertilizers are dissolved and mixed and poured into the dark trenches of the sorghum.
2 During the pollination and fixing of the top dressing, combine 667 square meters topdressing urea 7.5kg, diammonium phosphate 7.5kg, fermented oil residue 20kg (must be filtered), potassium sulfate 10kg, and dissolve in 10 cubic meters of water. After 10 days, the same proportion and total amount of fertilizer water were poured again to promote fruit enlargement.
3 Management before maturity Much muskmelon fruits do not expand substantially or about 10 days after the second expansion water, and 5 kg of diammonium phosphate and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per 667 m 2 are dissolved in 5 m 3 of water and poured into the ditch. Promotes the ripening of melons. In order to avoid cracking, the amount of water should not exceed 5 cubic meters, and it should be poured 2 to 3 times, about 7 days apart. At this time, the foliar dressing is applied and the superphosphate clear solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture are sprayed. The effective content of superphosphate is 0.2%, the effective content of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.4%, and the total concentration is not more than 0.8%. , spray 2 or 3 times.
5.6 Pest Control 1 Aphid, Whitefly and Liriomyza in the greenhouse A 20cm30cm yellow plate is hung in a greenhouse to trap and kill pests such as whitefly, aphids and Liriomyza sativae; 1 pot is placed every 30m2. Seedlings, larvae, and lilies kill the liriomyza. During the period of occurrence of pests, use 10% scorpion smoke or 20% spot fly net smoke agent to fumigate, alternately use 1.8% abamectin EC 4000 times, 10% imidacloprid WP 2000 to 3000 times, 48 % Chlorpyrifos EC 1000 times spray control.
2 In the early stage of the onset of powdery mildew, gray mold and leaf mold, the leaves were sprayed with 27% high-fat film 80 to 100 times, twice times or 2% Wuyimycin water 150 to 200 times, and then sprayed every 6 to 7 days. Times. At the onset stage, 45% chlorothalonil smoke, 20% 100 rot smoke, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times, or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 500 times spray 6 to 7 days to use again.
3 In the early stage of virus disease, it is sprayed with 800-1000 times of 3% aqueous solution of Ainoloda or 300 times of 0.5% of antiviral mushroom albumin proteoglycan, and sprayed for 2 or 3 times. Onset of spraying 20% ​​of virus A WP 500 times or 5% of mycorrhizal water 200 times, control of viral disease.
4 In the early stage of the onset of bacterial keratitis, spray with 2% kasugamycin solution 400 to 500 times for 2 or 3 consecutive times. The onset period can be sprayed with 14% solution of ammonia and 100% liquid copper, 77% can be made wettable powder 400 times, 50% potassium copper carboxylate wettable powder 500 times.
5 root rot, blight and root-knot nematodes were treated with 2% kasugamycin solution 400-500 times to control root rot and blight, which was continued 2 or 3 times. 15% Avi-butane Sulfur Microemulsion 1000 times Irrigation Control root-knot nematode.
6 Harvesting, storage and transportation period Safety and security 1 Harvesting When the fruit is fully inflated and shows the characteristics of the varieties, it will be harvested in the morning when there is no dew, and the T-shaped fruit shank will be retained during harvesting, and the harvesting will be carried out gently to prevent machinery. damage.
Yinling: The fruit is highly spherical, with a white skin, smooth, no reticulation, obvious aroma escaping, and elasticity in the umbilicus.
Honey world: The fruit is slightly long-spheroidal, the skin is milky white, there are a few net lines or aroma overflow, the umbilical part is elastic, and the fruit pedicle is not easy to fall off.
2 grading pre-cooling storage These two varieties have just been harvested when the meat is hard, must be cooked after a few days, until the fruit is softened after eating, the quality can be expressed to the extreme. Samples of melons, such as residues of pesticides, nitrites, and sugars, should be sampled at this time. Melon grading should be carried out, and the storage temperature should be gradually lowered. Store at a temperature of 4 to 8°C and a relative humidity of 85% to 90%. . Use a special box or tote box to load, each box is placed up to 2 layers of melon, melon boxes stacked no more than 6 layers. Stored cellar or cold storage air pollutants must meet the standards of origin to prevent contamination during the storage period.
1 The greenhouse optimization technology shall be installed in the ventilation openings and doorways of the solar greenhouses to prevent insect pests from moving in with the ventilation. Long-acting anti-aging non-drip film and grass-black mulch or silver-gray mulching film are used to prevent the occurrence of virus disease. In December, when the minimum temperature in the morning falls below 8°C, temporary heating is performed to ensure the normal growth of melon.
2 Variety Selection The Yinling and Honey world of the Taiwan Nongyou Seed & Maturation Company is a relatively suitable variety for planting in the Qinwangchuan Irrigation District. These two varieties are resistant to wilt disease, moisture and low temperature resistance, light green flesh, and delicate quality.
3 Cultivate strong seedlings
3.1 Preparation of nutrient soil Choose light loam, humus or rot stalks or mature horse dung, and decomposed sheep manure that have not been grown in 3 to 5 years for melons or solanaceous fruits, and mix 1:3 to 1 for each cubic meter. Rice soil was added 3kg of superphosphate and 2kg of urea, and 10% phoxim granules 0.5kg and 55% dexcone wettable powder 0.25kg were added, and the mixture was finely sieved. Cover film or film, seal, use high temperature in summer sunny, even 10 to 15 days of drying, so that the soil temperature reaches 60 °C above.
3.2 The seedbed was selected to be leeward in a dry place, with a width of 1.2m, a depth of 15cm, and a length of 9m. With 10cm10cm nutritional armored nutrient soil, placed neatly and evenly in the seedbed, the nutrition cover on the cover film, a small shed on the flat roof, the seedling bed with a shed film, exposed to 10 to 15 days for sterilization.
3.3 Appropriate sowing autumn and winter thick musk melon mainly supply the market during the New Year's Day to the Spring Festival, Qin Wangchuan Irrigation District autumn and winter thick musk melon cultivation should be planted in early August seedlings, seedling age of 20 to 25 days.
3.4 Immersion seed germination Soaking before sowing species for 1 day, then soaking in warm water at 55°C for 15 minutes, or 40% formalin 80 to 100 times for 30 minutes, or 0.1% potassium permanganate for 15 to 20 minutes at 25～30°C Moisturizing and germination in the environment. 75% seeds were sown after budding. Before 5 to 7 days before sowing, the shed film and mulch film on the seedbed shall be peeled off. The seedbed shall be filled with water one day before sowing, or the seedbed shall be filled with water. After the water is immersed, one seed will be placed on each nutrient pod to cover 1 to 1.5cm thick nutritious soil.
3.5 After the seedbed management point is planted, cover the mulch film and cover the shelter film with a layer of shade net. Control the temperature of the seedbed not to exceed 30°C during the day and not less than 15°C during the night. After 3 to 4 days, the top soil will emerge. Sunny day at 11:00～16:00, the shade film is covered on the shed film to reduce the light intensity, and the shed film around the small shed is uncovered. When 90% of the seedlings are unearthed, the mulching film on the rake surface is lifted to enhance ventilation and reduce the temperature. And humidity. Keep about 250C during the day and keep at 12-15°C in the evening until the seedlings have 2 leaves and 1 heart, 10-15cm high, and the stems are 0.5-0.8cm thick.
4 Preparation and colonization before planting
4.1 Rotary crops were planted in greenhouses that had not been grown for 3 years for melons and eggplants, soil pH<8.5, and salt content <0.5 mS/cm. Prevent the occurrence of root diseases.
4.2 Fertilization disinfection Apply 10 m3 of fully-composed sheep manure per 667 m2, 10% of phoxim granules 2.0 kg and 55% of dexcone WP 1.5 kg, and mix well with the surface. Cover film and film, sealed, use the summer high temperature weather in the greenhouse when the leisure, so that the indoor temperature reaches 60 °C above, or soil 10cm deep ground temperature of 40 °C or more, cumulative 120h, even the sun 10 to 15 days.
4.3 Soil preparation for each 667 square meters of DAP 40kg, urea 15kg, potassium sulfate 20kg, soil curing agent 40kg. After the leveling, according to the standard of narrow row 60cm, wide row 70cm, high 15cm, for a 70cm wide sorghum, leaving a 35cm wide, 15cm deep sluice within the sorghum, the sorghum planting the planting hole by the inner edge of the ditch, the hole distance 45cm.
4.4 Colonization on a sunny afternoon Colonization, irrigating the seedbed before planting, spraying 25% carbendazim WP 800 times and 20% extinguishing DF 2000x. According to the determination of the distance between the seedlings, the soil is watered, and the upper edge of the seedling is about 1 cm below the hole.
5 Field Management
5.1 After the plugging and seedling hole pouring water, the sorghum planting seedlings side wet soil 3 ~ 5cm wide, the same height with the surface, the bottom of the flood leveling. Cover black or silver-gray film, put the seedlings out of the membrane and block the seedlings to prevent salt and alkali damage.
5.2 Regular salt spray alkali improver Because of the way of watering without neck, part of the ground is exposed at the neck, and the phenomenon of salt reversion is likely to occur near the planting hole. After the extension of vines began, combined with irrigation root 10 to 15 days irrigation once 0.2% Kangdibao saline improver, even irrigation 2 to 3 times.
5.3 Pruning Hanging vines can be hung at any time according to the growing condition of the plants, removing diseased leaves, diseased flowers and lower old leaves in time to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions.
5.4 Temperature and humidity management Appropriate late release of the wind, when the indoor temperature quickly rises to 30 °C began to release the wind, when the temperature dropped to 25 °C, close the vent to delay the temperature drop, the night temperature is maintained at 13 ~ 18 °C, the relative humidity of the air to maintain 50% ~60% to prevent the occurrence of leaf mold and powdery mildew.
5.5 Fertilizer and Water Management 1 In the period of vine spreading fertilizer, when plants have 8 to 10 leaves, 667 square meters topdressing urea 7.5kg, diammonium phosphate 7.5kg, fermented oil residue 20kg. The urea and diammonium phosphate are directly dissolved in 10 cubic meters of water. After the residue is filtered out of the fermented oil residue, the filtrate is mixed with water. The three fertilizers are dissolved and mixed and poured into the dark trenches of the sorghum.
2 During the pollination and fixing of the top dressing, combine 667 square meters topdressing urea 7.5kg, diammonium phosphate 7.5kg, fermented oil residue 20kg (must be filtered), potassium sulfate 10kg, and dissolve in 10 cubic meters of water. After 10 days, the same proportion and total amount of fertilizer water were poured again to promote fruit enlargement.
3 Management before maturity Much muskmelon fruits do not expand substantially or about 10 days after the second expansion water, and 5 kg of diammonium phosphate and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per 667 m 2 are dissolved in 5 m 3 of water and poured into the ditch. Promotes the ripening of melons. In order to avoid cracking, the amount of water should not exceed 5 cubic meters, and it should be poured 2 to 3 times, about 7 days apart. At this time, the foliar dressing is applied and the superphosphate clear solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture are sprayed. The effective content of superphosphate is 0.2%, the effective content of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.4%, and the total concentration is not more than 0.8%. , spray 2 or 3 times.
5.6 Pest Control 1 Aphid, Whitefly and Liriomyza in the greenhouse A 20cm30cm yellow plate is hung in a greenhouse to trap and kill pests such as whitefly, aphids and Liriomyza sativae; 1 pot is placed every 30m2. Seedlings, larvae, and lilies kill the liriomyza. During the period of occurrence of pests, use 10% scorpion smoke or 20% spot fly net smoke agent to fumigate, alternately use 1.8% abamectin EC 4000 times, 10% imidacloprid WP 2000 to 3000 times, 48 % Chlorpyrifos EC 1000 times spray control.
2 In the early stage of the onset of powdery mildew, gray mold and leaf mold, the leaves were sprayed with 27% high-fat film 80 to 100 times, twice times or 2% Wuyimycin water 150 to 200 times, and then sprayed every 6 to 7 days. Times. At the onset stage, 45% chlorothalonil smoke, 20% 100 rot smoke, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times, or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 500 times spray 6 to 7 days to use again.
3 In the early stage of virus disease, it is sprayed with 800-1000 times of 3% aqueous solution of Ainoloda or 300 times of 0.5% of antiviral mushroom albumin proteoglycan, and sprayed for 2 or 3 times. Onset of spraying 20% ​​of virus A WP 500 times or 5% of mycorrhizal water 200 times, control of viral disease.
4 In the early stage of the onset of bacterial keratitis, spray with 2% kasugamycin solution 400 to 500 times for 2 or 3 consecutive times. The onset period can be sprayed with 14% solution of ammonia and 100% liquid copper, 77% can be made wettable powder 400 times, 50% potassium copper carboxylate wettable powder 500 times.
5 root rot, blight and root-knot nematodes were treated with 2% kasugamycin solution 400-500 times to control root rot and blight, which was continued 2 or 3 times. 15% Avi-butane Sulfur Microemulsion 1000 times Irrigation Control root-knot nematode.
6 Harvesting, storage and transportation period Safety and security 1 Harvesting When the fruit is fully inflated and shows the characteristics of the varieties, it will be harvested in the morning when there is no dew, and the T-shaped fruit shank will be retained during harvesting, and the harvesting will be carried out gently to prevent machinery. damage.
Yinling: The fruit is highly spherical, with a white skin, smooth, no reticulation, obvious aroma escaping, and elasticity in the umbilicus.
Honey world: The fruit is slightly long-spheroidal, the skin is milky white, there are a few net lines or aroma overflow, the umbilical part is elastic, and the fruit pedicle is not easy to fall off.
2 grading pre-cooling storage These two varieties have just been harvested when the meat is hard, must be cooked after a few days, until the fruit is softened after eating, the quality can be expressed to the extreme. Samples of melons, such as residues of pesticides, nitrites, and sugars, should be sampled at this time. Melon grading should be carried out, and the storage temperature should be gradually lowered. Store at a temperature of 4 to 8°C and a relative humidity of 85% to 90%. . Use a special box or tote box to load, each box is placed up to 2 layers of melon, melon boxes stacked no more than 6 layers. Stored cellar or cold storage air pollutants must meet the standards of origin to prevent contamination during the storage period.
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