Soybeans are self-pollination crops, which often result in deterioration of the species because of mechanical intermixing, poor climatic conditions and cultivation conditions, and natural hybridization. Therefore, self-seeding seeds cannot be used for a long time. Seeds should be changed every three years. Therefore, we must persist in purifying rejuvenation and do a good job of breeding and breeding varieties in order to maintain the quality of good varieties.
Method for purifying and rejuvenating soybean varieties
Strain selection
The commonly used method for the purification and rejuvenation of soybean is composed of three steps: single plant selection, strain identification, and high-intensity breeding. Separate plant nursery, plant nursery, and mixed plant nursery.
Single plant selection
Select a typical single plant for testing, single plant threshing. Eliminate single plants that are inconsistent with the characteristics of grain color, grain shape, and umbilical color of the original variety.
Strain identification
One line per plant (strain). Elimination of strains that are inconsistent with the original variety. Planting design can be used every 10 to 20 lines of 1 control line (original species) way. Selected strains for breeding in the next year.
Mixed breeding garden
The above-mentioned identification of the strains and the mixed harvested seeds are equidistantly planted on the spot and propagated at high magnification.
The seeds produced by the above 3 nurseries are referred to as super purified rejuvenation stocks.
Mixed selection
When the soybeans are matured, a certain number of robust and good individuals with the typical traits of the variety are selected, and then subjected to rigorous indoor multiple selection, mixed threshing, and preserved separately, as breeding seeds for the next year. The breeding field adopts advanced cultivation and management measures and strictly eliminates impurities.
One pass
Select good individuals with the typical traits of the original species, and finely breed their offspring. This method expands the breeding of single-line harvested seeds, which is slightly longer than the strain selection method.
Establishing a seed field
The soybean super seed obtained by purification and rejuvenation requires a seed field to be established and a large number of breeding production seeds due to the small seed amount.
The size of the seed field is determined by the number of seeds sown and the yield per acre. Generally, the area of ​​the seed field can be 4% to 5% of the area of ​​the production field or the seed field at the next higher level. For the selection of plots in the seed field, land plots with flat terrain, well-drained water, uniform soil, and no heavy land or land should be used. Fertilizers were added to the farmyard and fertilizers were applied according to the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus. Strengthen field management, and time seedlings, timely cultivating, weeding, soil cultivation, so that the soil is loose and weed free. During flowering and graining, top dressing is applied 1 or 2 times, and water is sprayed timely during drought to prevent and control pests and diseases. During the entire period of childbearing, according to the morphological traits, the seedling, flowering and maturity stages are strictly eliminated. After maturity, timely harvesting, strict grasp of harvest, threshing, etc. can easily lead to several aspects of mechanical mixing.
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