In recent years, livestock farming in rural areas has changed from roughage to refined feed (grain). In order to make full use of concentrated feeds to maximize their effectiveness, concentrates must be modulated. Several modulation methods are described below.
First, crush and flatten. Various cereal feeds, such as barley, corn, sorghum, etc., must be crushed or flattened before feeding, especially for hard-shelled cereals. After smashing or squashing, not only livestock are easy to chew, but also the contact area between nutrients in the feed and the digestive juice is increased, the digestibility is improved, and it is also easy to mix with other feeds. The feed for cattle and sheep can be broken into 2 millimeters. The feed for horses, donkeys and quail can be broken into 4 millimeters.
Second, soaking. Soaking method is generally applied to oil cake concentrates. The soaked feed is easy to chew and digest, especially for pigs and poultry. The water that soaks the feed contains various nutrients and should be fed together with the ingredients. In seasons with high temperatures, when soaked in oil cakes, it is prone to spoilage. The time should not be too long.
Third, boil steamed and fried roasted. These two methods of preparation apply to legume feeds. After cooking and frying, the utilization of protein and starch increased. In addition, broiling can make the feed produce a fragrance odor, improve palatability, increase the appetite of livestock and increase feed intake.
Fourth, saccharification. This method is applicable to feeds containing starch, which contains starch can be fully converted to dextrin and maltose, the content can increase from 1% to 10%. The saccharified feed has a sweet taste and livestock are very fond of eating.
Fifth, fermentation. Fine feed fermentation is one of the commonly used modulation methods for pig raising and cow raising. It mainly uses the microorganisms contained in the feed itself or added yeast, so that the feed decomposes the carbohydrates under the proper temperature, humidity and air conditions to produce lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol and the like, and becomes a fermented feed with aroma and slightly acid. After fermentation, feed can improve palatability, increase digestibility and utilization of crude protein, and increase vitamin B content. After fermentation, the concentrate feed has a good effect on the appetite, health, reproduction and feed utilization of livestock.
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