Since the introduction of pepper from China in the late Ming Dynasty, it has been loved by people. The pepper is full of spicy flavor due to the inclusion of capsaicin, which can enhance people's appetite and the vitamin C content is very high. The market demand for peppers is relatively stable, and the cultivation of peppers can bring better benefits to farmers.
1. Order selection
The red dry pepper seedlings are from February to March, and after the arrival of the rainy season in May, they are planted and harvested.
2, pepper seedling breeding
(1) Equipment selection: According to the actual selection of solar greenhouses, plastic greenhouses, impotence, hotbeds and other equipment, add insect-proof and shading equipment. In some areas, seedlings can be used for seedlings, pay attention to disinfection and other treatment of equipment, and create conditions for healthy development of seedlings. .
(2) Planting preparation: planting plots should be oriented to the sun, avoid wind blowing, soft soil, suitable for irrigation, land that has been cultivated by different plants, deep-sloping land, flattening, 6 parts according to garden soil, 4 parts of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer The mixture was mixed with 0.5% superphosphate and 0.5% potassium sulfate, and the seedbed was made into a 1.2-meter-wide and 9-meter-long plot. The film was closed for about 3 days, and the soil was disinfected. The 1 m2 seedbed was sprayed with 40 ml of formalin and 3000 ml of water.
(3) Seed selection: Prepare authentic, qualified seeds, soak in a clean water at about 28 °C for about 4.5 hours, pour in formalin 300 times vacuole for 15 minutes, wash off the seeds with clean water before sowing. liquid.
(4) Choosing the weather: Select the wind and the sunny day to spread in the morning, the water in the soil layer should be sufficient, soak the seeds on the seedbed after the wet soil, and plow the high-quality soil about 1 cm, and cover the film to make the ground temperature suitable. The temperature is moderate. Use a plastic cover to protect against cold or frost.
3. Seedling maintenance
(1) Maintenance before emergence: When the temperature is around day and night, the seedlings are unearthed for about 7 days. When most of the seedlings are unearthed, the covered things are removed, and the fine soil layer is filled with caulking to prevent the pepper seedlings from falling.
(2) Seedling maintenance: (1) Open and close the cover so that the daytime temperature is around 25 °C, the evening temperature is around 18 °C, and the ground temperature is about 19 °C. Remove unqualified seedlings and add 0.3 cm of seedling soil to protect the roots. According to the actual situation, watering and ventilation; (2) When the pepper grows to two leaves and one heart, choose the wind and the sunny day in the morning, and then water the soil to make the soil moist. Seedlings were taken from the roots of peppers and transplanted. Design the protective cover, put some turf on the cover, remove the turf by the sun, and cover the turf with low temperature. Keep it at 30 °C for one week, more than ventilation. The object on the hood was removed 10 days before transplanting to the ground, and the farmer's organic fertilizer diluted 10 times with water was poured.
4, plot finishing
(1) Leveling the plot: Selecting land that has been planted with different crops for many years to remove weeds, waste, and deep pine land. When planting, evenly apply high-quality farmyard manure fertilizer 4 tons/mu and Pudong calcium phosphate 40kg/mu as base fertilizer before planting. Ploughing the basic fertilizer and leveling the land, according to the requirements of planting.
(2) Seedlings: When the pepper seedlings grow to about 16 cm and the leaves are about 10 pieces and the flower buds appear, they can be transplanted in combination with the characteristics of the local rainy season. Planted according to a wide row spacing of 80cm, a narrow row spacing of 40cm, and a plant spacing of 32cm, the soil is fertile and planted sparsely and the land is densely planted. Use the earthworms to plant pond seedlings on the soil, and water-soluble compound fertilizer 40 kg/mu is poured into the pond to pour the seedling water. The water-proof ground is covered with a film anti-seepage water, and the water-preserving land is not easy to leak water, and it is not necessary to cover the film and open-air colonization.
5, field management
(1) Water and fertilizer management: after the seedlings survive, the urea is applied 8kg/mu; after the young fruit period, according to the growth of the seedlings, the fertilizer is applied 3 times, the application of potassium sulfate and urea is 5.5kg/mu; in the early flowering period, according to the cycle of 10 days Spray 0.1~0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3 times on the foliar surface and spray 0.1% borax aqueous solution twice, each time spraying about 50kg/mu. Apply 9 cm from the root of the foot to fertilize the soil, apply soil and water after application to prevent root burning. After the seedlings survive, the fruit is usually sent to the door, and the water is poured once in the young fruit period. Do not fill the water before the rain, pay attention to the drainage during the whole growth period, avoid the waterlogging on the surface, and properly control the irrigation during the red ripening period. During the period of growing up, it is forbidden to pour contaminated dirty water, and it is impossible to trace the application of garbage, sludge, and people who have not been harmlessly treated (animals), excrement, nitrate nitrogen (ammonium nitrate, etc.), chlorine-containing fertilizer, and nitrate Nitrogen and chlorine-containing fertilizers are used as raw materials for compound fertilizers. No fertilizer can be applied within 20 days before harvesting.
(2) Pest control: combined with the control of the main pests and diseases of the car, adhere to the principle of harmless prevention and control, select the varieties with high resistance and multi-resistance; standardize the pastoral: plant different food crops, the same crop needs should be rotated for more than 3 years. Or carry out water and drought rotation; cover soil cover mulch; cultivate age-appropriate seedlings to improve stress resistance; measure land elements and fertilizers on time, farmer organic fertilizers regularly apply, to prevent soil compaction, no or less fertilizer application.
(3) De-filming and soil-enhancing: During the high temperature and rainy period, the film should be uncovered in time to seal the pepper. During the cultivating and weeding, the ditch soil is cultivated at the base of the pepper to make the drainage and watering smoother to prevent the fruit trees from falling over.
(4) Plant adjustment: During the whole growth period, the seriously ill plants are cleaned and irrigated, and the diseased branches, diseased leaves and diseased fruits are removed, and they are fixed to a fixed location for burning or deep burial. During the fruiting period, the excess branches of the lower part of the plant and the lower branches of the fruit are removed from time to time to facilitate ventilation and ventilation.
After the pepper is picked, it can be dried by air drying. The dried pepper has the characteristics of easy preservation and the taste does not change.
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