With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the economy continues to grow. Urban residents are increasingly demanding green food. Chickens and earth eggs have become popular items on people's dinner tables. Chickens are mainly farmed in rural areas. For a long time, due to poor quality of keeping, poor nutrition levels and extensive feeding management, diseases have continued to occur, and the growth rate has been too slow, resulting in “more hatching, less survival, and much more. Less bred; more incidence, fewer cages; more deaths, less benefit. Rural peasant enthusiasm has been greatly reduced. In recent years, we have continued to explore in practice and summarized several technical measures to increase the rate of rearing chickens in rural areas. The introduction is as follows:
Focusing on brooding Scientific management Carefully rearing According to investigations, the main stage of death of rural free-range chickens is day 0 to 30 days old chicks, due to factors such as temperature, environment, feeding, and artificial factors, the incidence rate High mortality rate. Therefore, in the 30 days of free-range chicken brooding in the brooding room, it is necessary to focus on the following points:
Controlling the temperature and humidity temperature during brooding has a close relationship with body temperature regulation, feeding, drinking and digestion and absorption of chicks. The temperature is too low and the chicks get together to fight the cold. Affecting intake and exercise, it is prone to frostbite and death, and can easily induce respiratory diseases, E. coli disease, Salmonella disease, etc. Therefore, insulation is the key to the brooding period. Within 1 week of age, the brooding chamber is kept at 35°C~32°C, then dropped by 2°C per week or 0.5°C per day, and the temperature in the house is 25°C~22°C by the 20th day. The relative humidity in the brood room is kept between 60% and 70%. With proper temperature and humidity, the brooding rate can be ensured.
High-quality feed and clean drinking chickens are highly metabolized and grow fast, but their digestive organs have a small volume and poor digestion. During the brooding period, "110" full-price chicks were used as feed, and the mixture was added from little to large three days before the hatching room. After the chicks get out of the shell, they must drink cold boiled water or clean drinking water, and must drink water before eating.
Reasonable light illumination has a direct impact on the chick's exercise, health, diet, etc. From the beginning of 3 days to 4 days, the daylight hours of the house are 22 hours to 23 hours, and 24-hour light is also available. After a week, the lighting time and brightness are gradually reduced. Natural light is used for hatching and a brooding room of 30 square meters is used. Each layer contains 40 watts to 50 watts of incandescent lamps.
Carefully manage the indoor fresh air, timely ventilation, regular quantitative feeding every day, drinking water is clean, water temperature is appropriate, the surrounding environment is quiet, to prevent stress, in particular, to do a good job of anti-rat damage, night special personnel on duty management. Moderate breeding density, generally 100 to 150 groups is appropriate. Do a good job in disease prevention and disinfection, and refrain from entering brooding rooms.
Plan immunization to do a good job of epidemic prevention for scattered chickens, according to the actual situation of mandatory immunization and planned immunization, it is very important.
Rural free-range chicken immunization programs currently do not have a uniform immunization program for free-range chickens, and most of the deaths in free-range chickens have been caused by leukaemia, chick disease (infectious bursal disease), Newcastle disease, bird flu, etc. , through the intensive brooding, to prevent the occurrence of bacillus disease. In the development of the immunization program, it is necessary to refer to the development characteristics of the scattered chickens, but also to reference the immunization procedures of the group of chickens, and develop practical and practical immunization procedures for free-range chickens.
Rural free-range chickens are recommended for one-day immunization procedures: Marek's disease vaccine is administered subcutaneously (or intramuscularly).
3 days to 9 days: 2 new shoots of double seedlings or new double shoots, eye drops and nose, or subcutaneous injection with new oil emulsion, and new or new branch points , eye drops or drinking water.
10 days to 14 days of age: 2 doses of the bursa vaccine attenuated, drinking or dripping.
20 days old: Newcastle disease II or lasta or new 52 vaccination 2 each, eye drops or drinking water
60 days old to 62 days old: If the chickens grow and develop normally, use the chicken I line live vaccine and live chicken pox vaccine to be injected intramuscularly respectively; if the flock develops badly, you can use the chicken Newcastle disease Lasta live vaccine line or 3 times to 4 times Drink water in multiple doses, and then use Newcastle disease virus I live vaccine, Newcastle disease I vaccine intramuscularly, poultry killer muscle vaccine intramuscularly, and levamisole insecticide once every 20 days to 30 days.
120 days old to 125 days old: subcutaneously or intramuscularly, and levamisole twice deworming with a new subthreat vaccine.
In addition, rural free-range chickens must also be vaccinated against bird flu vaccine. They can be vaccinated once or about 14 days of age. For poultry with a long rearing period, it is appropriate to inoculate once every 2 months to 3 months after the first immunization. The inoculation amount of chicks within 20 days of age is about 50% of that of chickens, which is generally 0.25 ml to 0.3 ml.
After the birds are intensively reared for 30 days and then reared by farmers, they are difficult to adapt to changes in temperature and environment, and it is possible to achieve a multiplier effect by linking well with this stage of rearing.
Continue to do a good job of keeping warm, and brooding takes place from March to May in spring. At this time, the weather is variable, the temperature is variable, and it is vulnerable to cold air, which brings unfavorable growth to young chickens that have just emerged from a suitable brooding room. factor. Therefore, all kinds of insulation measures should be taken to do a good job of insulation work, such as warming umbrellas, electric lights, mantle or stove heating, padding cotton wool, straw, etc., to ensure that chickens survive the cold wave.
To prevent the sudden change of feed due to the feed during the brood feeding full price materials, scattered to the farmers after feeding, some farmers have to feed, some feed rice, and some feed porridge, and some feed bran, and some feed grass. When distributed and reared, a unified formula feed is provided to the farmers, which not only ensures the growth and development of the chicken for various nutrient needs, but also prevents the occurrence of various diseases.
Do a good job of clean drinking water, sinks, troughs are often cleaned, disinfected, litter dry, do a good job of preventing rat damage, prevent human-induced death.
After the tracking service has been dispersed and reared, it will go to the countryside to serve as the backbone, and the township and township animal husbandry and veterinary stations will serve as the backbone to launch a service network for rural households, especially rural women.
Build a roster (aquaculture file) in a village-based unit. According to the recommended immunization procedures, arrange a good time according to the list on the roster, notify the farmers in advance about closing the chicken house, and go door-by-door and conduct chicken NDV vaccine and poultry outbreak. Bacterial vaccine injections were given, and insect repellent drugs were distributed to households so that the village would not leak the group, the group would not leak households, and the household would not leak the birds. At the same time do a good job in instrument disinfection and immunization registration. Second, we must carry out technical training. After rural households are scattered and reared, they use rural radio, blackboard newspapers, bulletin boards, open conferences, lectures, and technical training courses to publicize and popularize the knowledge of the rearing of chickens and the prevention and treatment of chicken diseases.
When timely diagnosis and treatment of the epidemic disease is found, when farmers report illness or death, they must go to the diseased chicken or dead chicken for necropsy to diagnose the disease, propose prevention and control measures, remedy the disease, and reduce losses.
Do a good job of tracking service to visit farmers often, observe the chicken's spirit, diet, excrement and other conditions, and timely impart new technologies and new experiences to them. Find problems and solve them in time.
Focusing on brooding Scientific management Carefully rearing According to investigations, the main stage of death of rural free-range chickens is day 0 to 30 days old chicks, due to factors such as temperature, environment, feeding, and artificial factors, the incidence rate High mortality rate. Therefore, in the 30 days of free-range chicken brooding in the brooding room, it is necessary to focus on the following points:
Controlling the temperature and humidity temperature during brooding has a close relationship with body temperature regulation, feeding, drinking and digestion and absorption of chicks. The temperature is too low and the chicks get together to fight the cold. Affecting intake and exercise, it is prone to frostbite and death, and can easily induce respiratory diseases, E. coli disease, Salmonella disease, etc. Therefore, insulation is the key to the brooding period. Within 1 week of age, the brooding chamber is kept at 35°C~32°C, then dropped by 2°C per week or 0.5°C per day, and the temperature in the house is 25°C~22°C by the 20th day. The relative humidity in the brood room is kept between 60% and 70%. With proper temperature and humidity, the brooding rate can be ensured.
High-quality feed and clean drinking chickens are highly metabolized and grow fast, but their digestive organs have a small volume and poor digestion. During the brooding period, "110" full-price chicks were used as feed, and the mixture was added from little to large three days before the hatching room. After the chicks get out of the shell, they must drink cold boiled water or clean drinking water, and must drink water before eating.
Reasonable light illumination has a direct impact on the chick's exercise, health, diet, etc. From the beginning of 3 days to 4 days, the daylight hours of the house are 22 hours to 23 hours, and 24-hour light is also available. After a week, the lighting time and brightness are gradually reduced. Natural light is used for hatching and a brooding room of 30 square meters is used. Each layer contains 40 watts to 50 watts of incandescent lamps.
Carefully manage the indoor fresh air, timely ventilation, regular quantitative feeding every day, drinking water is clean, water temperature is appropriate, the surrounding environment is quiet, to prevent stress, in particular, to do a good job of anti-rat damage, night special personnel on duty management. Moderate breeding density, generally 100 to 150 groups is appropriate. Do a good job in disease prevention and disinfection, and refrain from entering brooding rooms.
Plan immunization to do a good job of epidemic prevention for scattered chickens, according to the actual situation of mandatory immunization and planned immunization, it is very important.
Rural free-range chicken immunization programs currently do not have a uniform immunization program for free-range chickens, and most of the deaths in free-range chickens have been caused by leukaemia, chick disease (infectious bursal disease), Newcastle disease, bird flu, etc. , through the intensive brooding, to prevent the occurrence of bacillus disease. In the development of the immunization program, it is necessary to refer to the development characteristics of the scattered chickens, but also to reference the immunization procedures of the group of chickens, and develop practical and practical immunization procedures for free-range chickens.
Rural free-range chickens are recommended for one-day immunization procedures: Marek's disease vaccine is administered subcutaneously (or intramuscularly).
3 days to 9 days: 2 new shoots of double seedlings or new double shoots, eye drops and nose, or subcutaneous injection with new oil emulsion, and new or new branch points , eye drops or drinking water.
10 days to 14 days of age: 2 doses of the bursa vaccine attenuated, drinking or dripping.
20 days old: Newcastle disease II or lasta or new 52 vaccination 2 each, eye drops or drinking water
60 days old to 62 days old: If the chickens grow and develop normally, use the chicken I line live vaccine and live chicken pox vaccine to be injected intramuscularly respectively; if the flock develops badly, you can use the chicken Newcastle disease Lasta live vaccine line or 3 times to 4 times Drink water in multiple doses, and then use Newcastle disease virus I live vaccine, Newcastle disease I vaccine intramuscularly, poultry killer muscle vaccine intramuscularly, and levamisole insecticide once every 20 days to 30 days.
120 days old to 125 days old: subcutaneously or intramuscularly, and levamisole twice deworming with a new subthreat vaccine.
In addition, rural free-range chickens must also be vaccinated against bird flu vaccine. They can be vaccinated once or about 14 days of age. For poultry with a long rearing period, it is appropriate to inoculate once every 2 months to 3 months after the first immunization. The inoculation amount of chicks within 20 days of age is about 50% of that of chickens, which is generally 0.25 ml to 0.3 ml.
After the birds are intensively reared for 30 days and then reared by farmers, they are difficult to adapt to changes in temperature and environment, and it is possible to achieve a multiplier effect by linking well with this stage of rearing.
Continue to do a good job of keeping warm, and brooding takes place from March to May in spring. At this time, the weather is variable, the temperature is variable, and it is vulnerable to cold air, which brings unfavorable growth to young chickens that have just emerged from a suitable brooding room. factor. Therefore, all kinds of insulation measures should be taken to do a good job of insulation work, such as warming umbrellas, electric lights, mantle or stove heating, padding cotton wool, straw, etc., to ensure that chickens survive the cold wave.
To prevent the sudden change of feed due to the feed during the brood feeding full price materials, scattered to the farmers after feeding, some farmers have to feed, some feed rice, and some feed porridge, and some feed bran, and some feed grass. When distributed and reared, a unified formula feed is provided to the farmers, which not only ensures the growth and development of the chicken for various nutrient needs, but also prevents the occurrence of various diseases.
Do a good job of clean drinking water, sinks, troughs are often cleaned, disinfected, litter dry, do a good job of preventing rat damage, prevent human-induced death.
After the tracking service has been dispersed and reared, it will go to the countryside to serve as the backbone, and the township and township animal husbandry and veterinary stations will serve as the backbone to launch a service network for rural households, especially rural women.
Build a roster (aquaculture file) in a village-based unit. According to the recommended immunization procedures, arrange a good time according to the list on the roster, notify the farmers in advance about closing the chicken house, and go door-by-door and conduct chicken NDV vaccine and poultry outbreak. Bacterial vaccine injections were given, and insect repellent drugs were distributed to households so that the village would not leak the group, the group would not leak households, and the household would not leak the birds. At the same time do a good job in instrument disinfection and immunization registration. Second, we must carry out technical training. After rural households are scattered and reared, they use rural radio, blackboard newspapers, bulletin boards, open conferences, lectures, and technical training courses to publicize and popularize the knowledge of the rearing of chickens and the prevention and treatment of chicken diseases.
When timely diagnosis and treatment of the epidemic disease is found, when farmers report illness or death, they must go to the diseased chicken or dead chicken for necropsy to diagnose the disease, propose prevention and control measures, remedy the disease, and reduce losses.
Do a good job of tracking service to visit farmers often, observe the chicken's spirit, diet, excrement and other conditions, and timely impart new technologies and new experiences to them. Find problems and solve them in time.
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