In recent years, the production of northern beans has decreased, which seriously affects its economic benefits. In this paper, we focus on the low yield of beans, from land preparation, variety selection and seed treatment, sowing, field management, pest control, etc., summarizing the open cultivation techniques, and making the beans on the basis of not changing the original quality. Increase production and income.
1 Site preparation
Beans are not cultivated in heavy stalks, because root rot and blight are easily caused by heavy stalks, causing the beans to vine and dead vines. Therefore, it is advisable to select fields that have not been planted with legumes within 2 to 3 years. If you don't know what kind of crops are planted in the front, you can pour the Honda with 500 times of the carbendazim before planting the beans to kill the remaining bacteria in the soil. Beans are more sensitive to herbicides. Special attention should be paid when selecting plots. It is forbidden to plant fields with long-acting herbicides such as sulfuron-methyl and atrazine. The roots of the beans are weak, and the water resistance is poor. It is not suitable for planting in low-lying areas with poor soil structure, otherwise it is easy to induce root rot, which leads to a significant reduction in the yield and quality of the beans.
Suitable for planting fields with high topography, good drainage, loose soil and rich organic matter. Combine the land preparation with high-quality fully-fertilized farmyard manure 30~45 t/hm2, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to 1:1:1 (volume ratio) ternary compound fertilizer 450~600 kg/hm2, to be shallow after ridge Consistent, smooth and flawless.
2 variety selection and seed treatment
First, select the appropriate varieties according to the local market demand; second, select the local varieties with strong resistance to the local special geographical environment; third, choose the branching ability, the high yield, and the rich nutrition. , with less fiber and good taste.
Seed treatment before sowing, select the seeds after sowing in the sunny weather for 1~2d, then soak the seeds with warm water at 50~55°C for 15~30min, stir while soaking, when the water temperature drops to 30 °C Stop stirring, then continue to soak for about 3h, remove the seeds and use 50% carbendazim WP to seed disinfection at a ratio of 1:200 (medicine: species) to control blight and anthracnose. Can also be soaked with 72% streptomycin 500 times solution for 4 ~ 6h to control bacterial diseases.
3 sowing
In the late May, the open-leaf beans are usually planted by mechanical ditching and artificial seeding. Three to four seeds are planted at each hole, and the plant spacing is 30-35 cm. After sowing, the soil is covered and covered.
4 Field management
4.1 seedlings and seedlings
The first is to break the film and put seedlings. After sowing the beans, the seedlings can be emerged in 5~7d. It is necessary to carry out the investigation in time and find that the seedlings should be released in time to prevent the high temperature from injuring the seedlings. The second is early seedlings. When the beans grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, they should have early seedlings, and 2 strong seedlings are kept in each hole.
4.2 soil promotion root
During the bean vine extension period, the soil should be cultivated in time, and it should be carried out mechanically or artificially to promote the development of the root system of the shoot. The height of the soil should be 3~5 cm under 2 cotyledons.
4.3 introduction of vines
After the soil has been cultivated, it is necessary to carry out artificial scaffolding in time. Generally, bamboo rafts with a length of 2~3m are used for trussing. When erecting, the bamboo rafts should be 10~15cm away from the roots and roots, and the underground depth should be 25~30cm to prevent Later trusses, when the vines are 40~50cm after the framing, artificial vines should be used in time to prevent the stems and vines from intertwining with each other, which affects the picking of the beans.
4.4 Fertilizer management
After entering the vine-grown period, it is necessary to carry out external fertilization in time to promote the normal opening of the lower inflorescence and the growth of the upper leaves and stems. It can be combined with watering application of diammonium phosphate 120~150kg/hm2+ urea 45~75kg/hm2 to increase the early stage. The fruit setting rate lays a foundation for early production, and then moderately increases or decreases the supply of water and fertilizer according to soil moisture and plant growth. In the pod-forming period, the supply of water and fertilizer should be increased. In order to ensure the yield of the beans and increase the morning market, the application of fertilizer can be adjusted according to the growth of the plant. When the plant growth is too weak, the ternary compound fertilizer can be applied in combination with watering (20-20-20). ) 75~120 kg/hm2; the growth of the plant is too strong, and the ternary compound fertilizer (20-40-20) is added to the water of 30~20 kg/hm2 under the premise of controlling the water. In the late stage of pod-forming, the plants gradually enter the aging state. In order to ensure the later yield, the topdressing can be applied once every 10~15 days with the watering, and the 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed 2~3 times to ensure the functional leaf growth and The late young pods are normally harvested and marketed.
4.5 promote control combination
If the growth of the plant is too weak, the growth of the stem can be promoted by means of water supply and fertilizer. If the plant grows too prosperous, it can be sprayed with black and strong 750g/hm2 with water 225 kg/hm2 or Other suitable plant growth regulators control the growth of stems.
4.6 removal of old leaf disease leaves
During the pod-forming period, the growth of the plants is relatively prosperous. According to the actual situation, the leaves of the old leaves can be removed at appropriate time. When picking the leaves, the leaves should not be picked at one time. It is advisable to remove the three leaves at a time. The leaves should be taken out and destroyed in time. In order to prevent falling into Honda, the bacteria cause damage to other plants.
5 pest control
Beans have more pests and diseases during the whole growth period, and the pest control should follow the plant protection policy of “prevention first, chemical preventionâ€. When pests and diseases occur, the occurrence of pests and diseases should be found out, firstly through physical means to prevent and control, and secondly by chemical adjuvant therapy. Commonly affected pests are mainly blight, rust, anthracnose, cabbage caterpillar, red spider. After 2~3 days after the seedling, the chlorothalonil, Jinggangmycin, zhongshengmycin, avermectin, Bt emulsion and other agents can be used for foliar application to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases at the seedling stage. The disease can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil 500~600 times liquid spray; rust can be sprayed with 25% powder rusting wettable powder 2000~3000 times liquid spray; anthracnose can be treated with 50% application of hydrolytic powder 1000~1500 times liquid spray; Can be sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis 1000 times liquid spray; red spider can be sprayed with avermectin 1500 times solution.
6 harvesting
The harvesting of beans should be suitable for maturity. When the pods are soft and full, the seeds are not fully exposed, and the harvest is suitable. The yield is too small, and the quality is too old. Open-leaf beans are generally harvested 12 to 15 days after flowering. At this time, the pods have the longest length, the freshest weight, the less fiber, the superior quality, the highest yield and the best quality, and the best economic benefits can be achieved.
Well, the above is the whole content of the bean cultivar cultivation technology, this technology is more suitable for the farmers in the north to learn!
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