In agricultural production, there are many problems with pesticides and the number of complaint cases is herbicides. Scientific use of chemical weed control can not only effectively control weeds, improve quality and yield, but also save a lot of weeding labor and reduce labor intensity. However, the improper use of crops tends to cause yellowing of the crop plants and stop the growth; serious plants die and economic losses are severe. Only by correctly summarizing the reasons why herbicides are prone to produce phytotoxicity in production, and mastering their safe use methods, can we ensure the safe and reliable use of herbicides. Therefore, the author summarizes the experiences of various localities and specifically discusses the problems existing in the use of herbicides, safe use methods, and the main treatment measures for herbicides. Problems with the use of a herbicide and the causes of its harm 1. Improper use of herbicides in different agricultural products. The main reason is that some farmers do not understand the performance of herbicides, professional agricultural products, and methods of use. Blind abuse leads to phytotoxicity. Such as rapeseed herbicides used in wheat weeding, herbicides used in corn are misused in rice, herbicides required for transplanting fields, used for direct seeding, castrated fields and so on. 2. Do not follow the herbicide label instructions. Do not follow the prescribed dosage of herbicides as they like, some increase the amount of drugs, some uneven application of pesticides, and require herbicides before weeding is used for post-emergence herbicides such as weeding. 3. Incorrect selection of application time. Many farmers in the high temperature, strong sunlight, air drying, rain or dew when the pesticide is applied, it is easy to cause injury; in the sensitive rice herbicide during the application period, but also easy to cause injury. 4. Do not apply herbicides scientifically. Before many farmers use herbicides, they do not read the instructions carefully and do not follow the requirements. Such as the use of Da Zhuang, Ding benzyl and other types of herbicides, paddy fields must have shallow water layer, the depth of the mud does not appear at high depth, the lower part does not drown the seedlings leaves as well, and to retain water for 5-7 days. Failure to follow the required method can easily lead to injury. 5. Inhomogeneous spray herbicides. Poorly wettable chemical herbicides are prone to precipitation. Many farmers do not shake the bottle when spraying, causing uneven spraying. If the concentration of the lower liquid medicine is too high, it is easy to produce phytotoxicity. 6. Deliberately poisoning, causing phytotoxicity. This situation is rather special. In recent years, deliberately poisoning has occurred and more phytotoxicity has occurred. In general, due to disputes between farmers, the herbicides were secretly administered by the other party, resulting in serious injury. Second, the safe use of herbicides First, the most safe to use premedication. For chemical weeding, soil treatment is often used, but it must be applied before or after sowing according to the requirements of the label. The time of application should be good at weeding at the primary stage of weeding. This can avoid or reduce pesticide contamination and residue on crops. Second, the soil should be fine and moist. In the treatment of soil with herbicides, the soil requires that the soil surface be smooth, finely crushed and moistened. This will not only ensure the uniform application of pesticides, but also create favorable conditions for the weeds to germinate, so that the weeds will germinate in unison, thus achieving a single use of drugs to kill most of the pesticides. The purpose of weeds is to increase the weeding effect. Third, we must correctly choose the application time. It is generally effective to use chemical herbicides at the germination stage of weeds. When weeds grow to 9 to 10 centimeters or are administered after delivery, the effect is poor or even ineffective. Therefore, control of weeds should be carried out during the germination stage of weeds. Fourth, we must cover the soil in time and be strict. Some chemical herbicides such as trifluralin are volatile and should be coated with soil immediately after application to ensure efficacy. Some of the herbicides see light decomposition failure, can not be exposed to the sun. So, immediately cover the soil after using the medicine. Fifth, spray evenly. Poorly wettable chemical herbicides are prone to precipitation. Therefore, when spraying, shake it frequently to ensure even spraying, otherwise the concentration of the lower layer of the liquid is too high, which can easily cause injury. Sixth, it is necessary to reduce medication in the facility cultivation area. Facilities such as protected areas are cultivated with high soil temperature, high humidity, and fast and high efficacy. Therefore, the dosage should be reduced by 20% to 30% in the exposed vegetable fields so as to avoid causing phytotoxicity to the vegetables. Seven should use herbicides alternately. Long-term single use of a herbicide weed is easy to produce resistance, alternate use of drugs can improve the weeding effect. Eighth, we must choose herbicides with a short duration of efficacy. Depending on the species and the length of the growing season, it is generally better to use herbicides with a suitable shelf life to reduce the time for residual contamination and ensure safety. Otherwise, it will easily cause injury to the next crop. The main treatment measures for the three herbicides are: 1. Repeatedly irrigated and washed to dilute the detoxification. For the overdose caused by drug injury can be irrigated field washing and detoxification to reduce the harm. 2. Detoxify with an appropriate antidote. Depending on the nature of the phytotoxicity, an appropriate drug may be used for detoxification remedies. Some plant growth regulators can be used as herbicide antidote. Such as spraying a moderate "920", can ease the degree of injury. 3. Continuous water spray wash seedlings. Due to the use of excessive concentration or excessive absorption of leaf phytotoxicity, continuous water spray can be used to reduce the drug concentration on the plants. 4. Topdressing available fertilizer. The timely removal of the victim leaves and the addition of fast-acting manure such as manure, urine and urea can promote root development and new leaf regeneration. 5. Spray foliar fertilizer. Foliar spray fertilizer, plants absorb quickly. If the use of 0.1-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium phosphorus fine, spray Shi Bao, etc. for foliar spray can promote rice root development, restore growth as soon as possible. 6. For heavier drug hazards, targeted remedial measures should be taken immediately based on the identification of the cause of the injury. For example, if the animal is torn to the top and heavyly topping, let the remaining leafhopper grow new shoots and cultivate new strains while sneezing. The lactones and sodium nitric acid promote growth. After the rice seedlings are harmed, lime and ash are used to detoxify immediately. The spray of 902 and foliar fertilizers promotes the growth of rice seedlings as soon as possible; in case of a sulfonylurea herbicide, Naphthalene dianhydride and alizarin lactone were sprayed immediately, and acidic fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate and superphosphate were further added for pickling. For herbicides with low mobility in the soil, such as trifluralin, they can be deeply plowed and soiled, causing them to evaporate. Diluting the residue with more soil, adding organic fertilizer, and promoting microbial degradation . If the medicine is harmless, it can be used for replanting large seeds.
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