Raspberry is a genus of Rosaceae. Its fruit is rich in vitamin E and selenium, especially anti-aging substances SOD (superoxide dismutase) and anti-cancer substances (decalic acid) content is higher than any existing cultivation and wild Fruit, which is known as the third generation of fruit, is very popular with people. The development and cultivation of raspberry has also become a hot topic. However, most of the varieties cultivated in China are imported from Europe and the United States. The fruit has high acidity and can generally only be processed and cultivated as unsuitable for fresh food. It is not particularly suitable for oriental tastes. To provide people with the need for fresh food, after the wild raspberry was grown by the family, it was selected for cultivating a variety of alocarpus fairy, which has stable performance and yield, fruit shape, palatability, etc., for cultivation. Characteristics and cultivation points are as follows:
1. Variety characteristics
For erect varieties, under the condition of high management level, the height of the main pole without picking up the core can reach 3m or more, the diameter of the root stem is more than 3.9cm, the degree of development of the canopy is more than 2.6m, and the natural propagation is rooted. Main and roots have medium capacity, about 1:2; strong branching ability, picking cores, up to 20 or more primary branches, and secondary branches on the primary branch; total length of individual branches can reach more than 48m. The number of branches per cm is about 0.18, and the number of fruit per plant can reach 830 or more, and the yield per plant can reach 5.9 kg or more. Generally, the flowering of the central Zhejiang region occurs around March 20 (differs from year to year). At the end of April, it was ripe, fruit shape was large, the size was well-proportioned, and the maximum fruit weight was 8.9 g. The average fruit weight was 7.1 g.
2. Cultivation points
2.1 Transplanting
2.1.1 Soil selection: The raspberry has strong adaptability, and the general soil can be cultivated. However, it is better to use sandy loam with good permeability and avoid water accumulation.
2.1.2 transplanting time: from the beginning of winter to the leap year before convulsions can be. Transplanted in winter, can be transplanted with branches, there is a small amount of results in the following year; transplanting in the spring can not bring branches, otherwise it will affect the survival rate.
2.1.3 planting density: should be determined based on soil fertility, management level, good fertility, high management level can be appropriate thin planting, otherwise it should be properly planted, generally 200-300 plants per 667 square meters is appropriate.
2.2 Field Management
Because of avoiding accumulated water, we should do a good job of trenching and drainage work throughout the year on the basis of good land selection.
2.2.1 Sapling and picking the core: In the spring, after the raspberry root seedlings grow, remove the excess seedlings according to the number of remaining seedlings (the number of seedlings shall be determined according to the soil fertility and management level, generally every 667 square meters Seedlings of 300--600 are suitable), requiring strong and weak to stay thin and dense. When the height of seedlings grows to more than 160cm, the core is picked up, and the seedlings are removed at the height of about 160cm to facilitate the multi-branching and facilitate management.
2.2.2 Clear Garden: Raspberry is a fruit that grows from a tree that grew in the previous year. Therefore, when raspberry harvesting is completed, the garden must be cleared immediately, that is, the result tree of the current year should be removed and the nutrients should be replaced. The light is concentrated on the result tree of the next year, promoting its good growth.
2.2.3 Fertilization: The annual fertilization of raspberry can be carried out three times. The first is winter fertilizer. Because the raspberry is not only a fruit, but also the tree that is renewed once a year needs to consume nutrients, so the loss of soil strength is relatively large. To maintain the soil strength, a winter fertilizer must be applied in the late autumn and early winter, and the fertilizer should be applied to the farmer. Fertilizer-based, not less than 1000kg per 667 square meters, can be combined with winter tiller; second is flowering fertilizer, which is carried out during the flowering of raspberry in late March, in order to provide the need for nutrients for fruit growth. The fertilizer type is human waste. , compound fertilizer is the main fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer is about 25kg pure nitrogen, the third is strong seedling fertilizer, after the completion of the Qingyuan, to promote the next year's results tree grow strong, increase production, fertilizer type with organic fertilizer, composite Fertilizer is the main ingredient, and the application amount is about 20kg pure nitrogen. Because the growth period is long in summer and autumn, it can be divided into several times.
2.2.4 Pruning shearing: Pruning and shearing are combined before and after the beginning of winter. Pruning is the removal of twigs, over dense branches, drooping branches, and branches and branches of diseases and insects. The number of stays should be determined according to the strength of the tree's vigor. The tree potential is strong and stays strong, and the tree potential is weak and less; Cutting the tips of branches can promote nutrient concentration and improve yield and quality. The principle of cutting tip is strong branch weak shearing, weak branch strong shearing, which is generally about 15% of the length of branch branches with strong branches, and about 25% of the length of branch branches with weak branches, which is calculated as 750kg of raspberry produced per 667 square meters. After pruning and cutting, the total length of the branches should be about 6000m.
2.2.5 Tilling: Before and after the start of winter, it is required to be completed before mid-November. Late turning of the soil will have an adverse effect on the production of the following year.
3. reward
Raspberry is a berry, and its skin is thin, easily broken, resistant to storage and perishable. In the case of better management conditions, the mature period is relatively concentrated, and the harvest period is short, generally about 18 days. When the fruit is harvested, too fruitful will affect the taste. When it is too ripe, it will naturally fall off and cause waste, so it must be harvested in time. It is necessary to pay attention to light and light, timely sales.
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