Peach trees are a tree species with a high self-flowering rate, but abnormal climates such as low temperature, rain, frost, etc. will have an adverse effect on fruit setting, and artificial pollination can effectively increase the fruit setting rate and promote the trend of tidiness and enlargement of the fruit. Pollination varieties often choose varieties that have a large amount of flowers and meet in flowering period. When the garden is built, multiple varieties are mixed or planted at a ratio of 1:5. Artificial pollination is generally carried out in the following way:
Pollen collection
Collection of peach tree anthers. Place the collected flowers of pollinated species on a smooth painted table 1 to 2 days before the first flowering period, gently rub the flowers with your hands, and then sieve to obtain anthers; it can also be placed in a 0.25 cm hole iron sieve For the flowers, spread white paper under the iron sieve, and then gently rub the flowers with your hands, and the anthers will fall on the white paper. Although the above method is a waste of anthers, the test shows that the loss rate of anthers is generally less than 20%. Compared with the use of tweezers to take anthers by flower, the work efficiency is increased by several times.
How to treat pollen
There are natural drying, fire kang drying and electric lamp drying.
Pay attention to the drying of anthers: 1. Temperature. If the temperature is too high, the germination rate will be low and the powder output will be small; if the temperature is too low, the drying time will be long. The suitable drying temperature is 20 degrees Celsius to 25 degrees Celsius, and the temperature is required to be relatively stable. 2. Time. The drying time is generally about 36 hours while maintaining a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius to 25 degrees Celsius. 3. Avoid exposing pollen in the sun. The germination rate of dried pollen is only 10%-20%, while the germination rate of dried pollen can reach more than 50%.
Pollen storage
The prepared pollen is used for artificial pollination in the current year. If there is surplus, it can be refrigerated to prepare for pollination of fruit trees in greenhouses in winter or reuse in the coming year. Generally, the pollen is sealed in a brown glass bottle; it can also be sealed in a plastic bag, wrapped in black paper, and then packaged in a plastic bag, and then stored in a refrigerator below zero. When using, a germination test is required. The viability of pollen stored in this way can generally reach more than 70% after one year.
Artificial pollination
In the blooming period, the collected pollen is made into sugar urine pollen liquid and sprayed with a sprayer. The formula of Diabetes Pollen Liquid is 5 kg of water + 10 g of pollen + 10 g of urea + 5 g of borax + 100 g of sugar + a little adhesive to mix and serve; or spray 10 mg～20 mg/kg of PCPA and Spraying 20 mg of tea acetic acid after flowering can increase the fruit setting rate. You can also mix the pre-prepared pollen with talcum powder or milk powder in a ratio of 1:5-10, dipping it with a rubber head, or placing it in a gauze bag, shaking it on the tree, and sprinkling the pollen. It is used for pollination. Pollination is carried out from the top of the canopy, the outside of the crown to the inside of the crown. Repeated 3 to 4 times during the full blooming period can significantly increase the fruit setting rate.
Pollination by bees
In orchards with more than 20% pollination and uniform distribution, the release of wall bees or bees during the flowering period can greatly increase the fruit setting rate. The pollination of wild bees and the bee, the pollination effect is good, and the fruit setting rate of peach orchards can be increased by 11%. The method is to take out the cocoons from the refrigerator or fruit store at 4°C to 5°C 3 to 5 days before the peach tree blooms, and put them into the prepared honeycomb tubes. Each honeycomb tube contains 1 bee cocoon and the head of the honeycomb. The part faces the nozzle, and the nozzle is sealed with thin toilet paper to facilitate the emergence of bees. Then hung the honeycomb pipes (50 or 100 pipes in a bundle) on the south wall of the orchard nursing room and near the recycling nest pipes to facilitate recycling. Put 50 to 70 adult bees per mu.
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