In the production of summer maize, yellow seedlings are widespread. The agricultural and forestry bureaus of Zhaoling District, Luohe City, Henan Province organized agricultural technical personnel to conduct in-depth investigations and research on the township (town), village, and farmer households in the region, and found that the main reasons for the local summer corn yellow seedlings are as follows: point:
1. The poor quality of seeds in the fields showed that the growth of the fields was uneven and the area was relatively large. There were also phenomena of yellowing or redness of the leaves when they emerged. The growth was slow. Close to harvest, no sticks or little sticks, little sticks, sticks of different sizes.
2. Production management extensively 1 sowing too deep: sowing is not easy to seedling, too deep will appear weak seedlings, yellow seedlings, sowing depth should be controlled at 3 to 5 cm; sowing at the same time, apply a certain amount of seed fertilizer, can promote seedlings Robust growth. 2 seedlings, Dingmiao is not timely: after corn emergence, should be 3 to 4 leaves in the corn when the seedlings, 6 to 7 leaves Dingmiao, to avoid seedlings crowded, competing with each other, compete for water, glory, the formation of weak seedlings, diseased seedlings , Yellow seedlings; number of seedlings to be flexible according to the different species, in accordance with the density of seedlings required for cultivars. 3 Insufficient watering: insufficient water before or after sowing, the seed can not get enough water, affect the normal germination and emergence, the long time of unearthing cause weak seedlings, yellow seedlings and so on.
3. There are many situations in which there is a lack of nutrient performance in the field, among which there are mainly three kinds of nutrient conditions that can lead to yellowing of the corn leaves. 1 Nitrogen deficiency: Corn grows slowly, short and thin at the seedling stage, has a yellowish-green leaf color, and draws late; during its prosperous growth, it lacks nitrogen, and the old leaves are yellow along the midrib from the tips of the leaves, and the yellow part shows the “Vâ€. In the type, the leaf margin remains green and slightly curled, and it eventually burns and dies. 2 Potassium Deficiency: When maize lacks potassium, the root system is stunted, the plants grow slowly, the leaf color is light green and there are yellow-green stripes. In severe cases, the leaf margins and tip are purple, then dry and burning, and the middle part of the leaf can still be. Keeping green, the leaves gradually become wrinkled, and the plants appear to be thin, susceptible to disease, and easily broken. 3 Zinc deficiency: The serious deficiency of zinc in maize will appear white flower seedlings, its main feature is that in the 3 to 5 leaf stage of maize, white seedlings begin to appear, the new leaves are pale yellow to white, especially the leaf base 2/3 more obvious, In severe cases, the young leaves of the seedlings appear fine white spots and rapidly expand to form partial white areas or necrotic plaques. The leaves are necrotic and the leaves are translucent, resembling white silk or plastic film, and the wind is easily broken.
4. Environmental and climatic factors 1 Drought: We know that uneven summer thunderstorms lead to differences in drought between some plots and other fields, combined with the microclimate formed by topography and geomorphology, resulting in drought and loss of maize. Water and stomata are closed, old leaves are senescent and brown, and photosynthesis is reduced. Organic nutrients produced and accumulated by plants are reduced, and growth is slow, short and yellow. 2 Disaster relief: Corn is a crop that requires large amounts of water but is not tolerant to it. Under high temperature and rainy conditions, the roots in the late growth stage often suffocate due to lack of oxygen, resulting in a rapid decline in viability, and the plants are premature and dry.
5. Diseases and pests 1 disease: long-term low temperature and rainy weather, seedlings 2 to 3 leaf stage prone to seedling blight. The leaves were yellow and dry, and the edges were scorching. The leaves gradually grew yellow and dry from the bottom up, the root hairs were few, and the roots were brown and stunted, resulting in yellow seedlings and weak seedlings. 2 Insect pests: Insect pests of corn seedlings mainly include hummer horses, Swedish wheat fly worms, golden needle worms, ground tigers, and cultivating sunflower pods. Humming horses and Swedish straw fly drilled into the leaves of corn seedlings harmed, resulting in distortion of the heart and leaves, and can not be rolled together to form a "tail-like", the heart leaves damaged yellow, yellow stripe. Underground pests (goldworms, ground tigers, and ploughed sunflowers) were concentrated in the roots near the base of the stems of the corn seedlings and were fed into the tender stems, causing yellowing of the seedlings and serious defoliation.
6. Herbicides harm to farmers Some farmers increase the dosage of herbicides at will; blindly mix with other pesticides; excessively high drug concentration; sprayer interoperability; use of counterfeit and inferior herbicides; residue of herbicide herbicides; improper use of above herbicides , will cause the yellow leaves after the seedlings shrink, plant dwarf, stop growing, some leaves appear drug damage and so on. This is mainly due to the application of herbicides (such as metsulfuron-methyl, tribenuron-methyl, etc.) after the last season of wheat, dry weather, and lack of water in the soil. We encourage the use of herbicides before the end of the year and try to avoid the use of metsulfuron-methyl and benzene-sulphonate if possible after the year. Long herbicides. The main reason for the yellowing of corn seedlings in 2012 was due to the drought in the upper wheat field and the slow degradation of the herbicide in the wheat field, which caused corn seedlings to have a greater impact on the herbicides in the wheat field. The roots were weak, and the leaves were wrinkled and yellowed to form “old yellow seedlings. ".
7. Physiological yellow seedlings are mainly caused by the characteristics of corn varieties. The main symptoms are the dry tips of the lower leaves, yellow leaves, and the roots are normally developed. Generally, after the five leaves, the single plant of the corn tends to be normal. This condition can be found in maize. Algae lactone can be quickly recovered when the leaves are yellow.
Tips: When crop growth is abnormal or other conditions, it is important to understand objectively whether it is seed quality, natural disasters, fertilization problems, disease or insect damage, improper application of pesticides or unscientific crop management techniques, etc., and then solve the problem. In this way, we can achieve a targeted, less detours and reduce economic losses.
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