The world’s largest population of black-hooded gulls, Hazel gull, is only distributed in Northeast Asia, and its wintering areas are distributed in the southern coastal areas of China, including Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, Japan, and South Korea; its breeding sites are few in South Korea. The population is mainly distributed in the Yancheng Nature Reserve in Jiangsu Province, the Yellow River National Nature Reserve in Dongying of Shandong Province, the National Nature Reserve in Shuangtaihekou of Liaoning Province, and the Yalu River Estuary National Nature Reserve in Dandong of Liaoning Province. Among them, the number of populations inhabited by Liaoning Shuangtaihekou National Nature Reserve located in Panjin is the largest, more than 6,000, accounting for more than 70% of the global population of more than 8,000. The world’s largest breeding ground of black-mouthed gulls has been found for many years. Based on the years of research on the black-billed gulls in Panjin, the black-billed gulls have inhabited mainly in Nanjinhe Wetland, Shilixi, Liuzigou, artificial islands and outer tidal flats in Panjin. With a total area of ​​9 square kilometers, it is more than any other black-headed gull breeding area in the world. It is the largest breeding ground of black-billed gulls in the world. The northernmost habitat of the black-headed gulls in the world. The breeding distribution of the black-hooded gulls is currently mainly in the coastal areas of eastern Asia. The distribution areas in China mainly include Panjin City, Jinzhou City and Dandong City of Liaoning Province and Qinhuangdao City of Hebei Province. , Tianjin, Dongying City of Shandong Province, Yancheng City of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang City, Yuhuan of Zhejiang, Wenling, Jiaojiang, Fenghua, Zhenhai, Yanbian of Fujian, Shanwei City of Guangdong Province, Hepu County of Guangxi Province, Hong Kong, Taiwan and other places; foreign found in South Korea, Japan, Vietnam and other places; in these distribution areas in Panjin, Liaoning Province, the northern boundary distribution of black-hooded gulls. The world's most breeding grounds for black-headed gull nests According to research, there are seven types of nesting for black-headed gulls, namely, nests in Sapeng beach, white-crop beach nests, shoal grass nests, tidal beach nests, and willow shoal. Nests, reeds nests, nests on the surface. In Panjin, except for the non-rice grass nest type, the other six types are distributed. The world’s largest breeding ground for black-hooded gulls has the highest nesting density. According to the survey, the minimum distance between the black-mouthed gull nests seen in other breeding grounds is not less than 10 meters, measured in the Shuangtaihekou National Nature Reserve. Black-hooded gull nests are less than 30 cm apart. Sometimes there are 2-3 black-hooded gull nests within 2 square meters. In the 2.6 square kilometer saline wetland of South Stream alone, there are 2831 Black-billed Gulls nesting and breeding. The scientific and technical personnel of the area with the highest survival rate of the black-headed gulls in the world conducted research on the black-headed gulls breeding in the Shuangtaihekou National Nature Reserve in 1991, 1996, and 1997. The survey of the nests, eggs, and fledglings of the Black-billed Gull conducted in 1991. The birth rate of the black-eared gull was 67.4% in 1991, and the survival rate of the chicks was 86.6%; in 1996, the birth rate of the black beak gull was 63.1%. The bird survival rate was 82.04%; in 1997, the black-billed gull birth rate was 52.8%, and the chick survival rate was 84.3%. The three-year averages were 61.17% and 84.3% respectively, which were higher than those of other black-mouthed gull breeding grounds. The world's longest-running colony of the Black-billed Gull, Panjin, is a breeding ground of the Black-billed Gull. It greets the migratory Black-Gull gull in mid-March each year. In late April, the Black-Gull gull enters the breeding season and reaches its peak in mid-June. By the end of July, the end of breeding, at the end of October, black-mouthed gulls moved away from Panjin, spanning 7 months, compared with the rest and wintering areas. Panjin is the longest residence of the Black-billed Gull. Artificial activities interfere with the life of the black-billed gull In 1990, when it was determined that the two shores of the Shuangtai estuary were the breeding grounds of the black-hooded gull, most of the black-mouthed gulls breed on the eastern shore of the Liaohe River. Later, for various reasons, the breeding ground of the black-billed gull gradually migrated to the South Stream area on the west bank of the Liaohe River. Since the beginning of this year, with the development of shrimp production by shrimp farmers in the Nanxiaohe area, seawater infusion has swamped a large area of ​​beach where Black-billed gulls rely on breeding habitat. It is estimated that about a few hundred black-hooded gull nests were destroyed and some young birds were drowned. In addition, in the small river south of the reserve, there are farmers who moved here to live. They are here to pick up eggs, fishing, lancomes, and dredging silkworms, which are the food of the black-headed gull. These people's actions undoubtedly caused damage to the breeding habitat of the black-headed gull, which exacerbated the deterioration of the survival and development environment of the D. gull population. This species has been listed in the "State Protected List of Terrestrial Wildlife Animals with Useful or Important Economic and Scientific Values" issued by the State Forestry Administration on August 1, 2000.
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