The cultivation and utilization of grain pods

Grain bran is a combination of food, feed, and vegetables. It has a long history of cultivation in China and can be planted throughout the country. Grain pods can also be used as ornamental flowers, as well as raw materials for the food industry such as bread, biscuits, cakes, and confectionery.

First, characteristics

Grain pods are annual herbs. Stems erect, green or purple, many branches, seeds spherical, purple black, brown yellow, light yellow, shiny, 1000-grain weight 0.5 to 1.0 grams.

The grains are warm and humid, and the optimum temperature for growth is 20-30°C. Not cold, the average daily temperature below 10 °C to stop growing, seedlings encounter 0 °C low temperature that is frost damage, adult plants died of frost quickly. Resistant to drought, the water requirement during the growing season was only 41.8% to 46.8% of wheat and 51.4% to 61.7% of corn. When moisture conditions are good, it can promote growth and increase yield. Intolerant, easy to rot roots in water. Strict requirements on the soil, resistance to slim, salt and alkali resistance. Dry thin sandy land, clay land, secondary saline soil, and fruit trees can be planted between the rows. However, it is well-drained, loose and fertile loam or sandy loam is most suitable.

Grain pods grew rapidly, and their growth rate increased significantly after 20 days of emergence. The growth rate increased by 3-6 cm daily, and after 50 days of emergence, the plant height increased by more than 9 cm per day.

Second, cultivation

Sowing

Grains of jealousy are continuously cropped and can be interplanted with wheat and bean crops. Due to the weak soil on the top of the seed, it requires a fine soil preparation, deep plowing and more plowing, and loosening of the farming layer. Grain pods are high-yielding crops and require more fertilizer. In the field preparation, 1.5 to 2 tons of organic fertilizer per acre should be used as basal fertilizer to ensure its high-yield demand.

Grain pods are generally sown at temperatures above 16°C in the spring and are poorly seeded at less than 15°C, and are generally sown in mid-April to mid-May. Drilling, broadcasting or hole broadcasting can all be done. The spacing for grass harvest is 25-35 cm and the spacing is 15-20 cm. For uniform sowing, sand or soil can be mixed at a ratio of 1:4 to sow 1 to 2 cm of earth and timely repression after sowing. Can also be transplanted seedlings, especially the northern high-cold areas using the method of seedling transplanting, can extend the growth period, increase the amount of grass production, can be increased by 15% to 25% than live, transplanting is generally carried out when the seedling height of 15 to 20 cm.

In the second leaf stage, grain pods must be seedlings, four leaf stage Dingmiao, before the four leaf stage, the growth is slow, combined with seedlings and Dingmiao for cultivator weeding, to eliminate weed damage. 8 to 10 leaf stage growth is accelerated, it is appropriate to top-dressing irrigation 1 to 2 times, bud to flowering period, the fastest growth rate, the largest demand for nutrients, but also timely fertilizer. After each cutting, combined with cultivator weeding, top dressing and irrigation. Fertilizer is dominated by nitrogen fertilizer, applying 20 kg of urea per acre.

Grain cockroaches are often harmful to thrips, weevils, beetles, ground tigers, etc., can be used to control beetles, turtles, malathion, and other drugs.

2. Castration

In general, pigs, poultry, and fish are fed at 45 to 60 centimeters in height, when they feed large animals, they are harvested at the budding stage, and when the hay and silage are prepared, they are castrated at the full flowering stage and the grain-filling stage. Casting 15 to 20 centimeters and leaving them to increase the number of new shoots to grow from the newly left stem section, but the last time the castration does not leave the earth. One to two or three times a year, produce 5 to 10 tons of fresh grass per acre.

Third, use

Grains, stems and leaves are soft, fragrant and delicious, rich in nutrients, and are good feed for cattle, sheep, horses, rabbits, pigs, poultry and fish. Seed meal contains 14% to 19% protein, and is rich in calcium and vitamin B and C. It can be used as a high quality concentrate feed. The stems and leaves are rich in crude protein, nitrogen-free extracts and minerals, and have low crude fiber content and good palatability. Their nutritional value is similar to that of alfalfa and cornseed, which is a high-quality protein supplement feed.

Grain pods, whether for green feeding or for the preparation of silage, hay and hay powder, are preferred by various livestock and poultry. Dairy cows fed 25 kilograms of seed barley feed daily increased 5.19% more than cows fed silage. Green feed fattening pigs can replace 20% to 30% of the concentrate feed. The proportion of hay powder in pig and poultry diets can account for 10% to 15%, and 30% in rabbits' diets, with good feeding results. Grain pods contain more nitrate in the body, and are converted into nitrite after 1 to 2 days of piling. After feeding, they can easily cause nitrite poisoning. Therefore, the number of cuts should be determined according to the amount of feeding, and should be Feeded on the same day.

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