The young fruit of tomato is susceptible to the physiological barriers such as cleft palate, leaking seed, flat fruit and big umbilicus, which often causes great losses in production. In general, there are many occurrences in February and May, and there are relatively few fall seasons. The causes and prevention methods are as follows. First, the cause of the tomato's large umbilical, flat-shaped fruit, young fruit cracks These are deformed fruit. The former is a slight deformity, while the latter is a severe deformity. There are three reasons for this. 1. The emergence of night-time malnutrition at the seedling stage (2-7 true leaves). The fundamental problem lies in the initial formation period of tomato flowers, which is the flower bud differentiation period. The flower bud differentiation period of the first 1-3 ear of tomato is generally in the 2-7 true leaf stage. The low night temperature, polynitrogen and dampness at this stage, and the seedlings' lengthiness make the light product more likely to accumulate on the growing growing point. This leads to the differentiation of multi-ventricular malformation flowers. Especially when the night temperature is lower than 8°C for a long time, a large number of malformed flowers will appear, and later become malformed fruits. These malformed flowers are easily identified at flowering and are characterized as bean-shaped, flat ovary, thick-flowered, and many petals. 2. Insufficiency of calcium and boron In the process of flower bud development, flowering and young fruit expansion, insufficient supply of calcium and boron or partial application of iron nitrogen and potassium fertilizer cause physiological calcium deficiency, so that poor flower development, poor fruit cell combination, and aggravated fruit The top of the crack. 3, excessive flower hormone concentration to promote the use of fruit set up hormone concentration, promote the development of fruit power is large, in the case of photosynthetic products in tomatoes can not be very good with the case of light fruit spiky, large umbilical, severe The young fruit cracks, leaks seeds and loses its value. Among the above three reasons, the low night temperature at the seedling stage (2-7 true leaves) is the root cause. Calcium and boron deficiency may aggravate the top crack, while the excessive flower hormone concentration is the most artificially caused top crack. Key factor. Second, prevention 1, flower bud differentiation period of night temperature is not long-term below 12 °C For leaving 3-4 ear fruit to be picked up early heart cultivation, the differentiation of 3-4 spikes in the 2-7 true leaf seedling stage. Use greenhouse nursery, cover thick straw curtains, cover two layers of screens, and cover sheds in greenhouses. Set temporary heating equipment and other measures to ensure that the temperature at night is not lower than 10-12°C. For overwintering cultivation planted from late August to September, special attention should be paid to the warming of the cold period from December to February, so as to guarantee the normal differentiation of the 5-8 panicles and lay the foundation for the formation of good fruits later. In addition to paying attention to the insulation work at the seedling stage, it is also necessary to prevent partial application of nitrogen fertilizers and seedlings. For late autumn tomato cultivation planted in May-July, there is basically no problem of low temperature during seedling stage, and the emphasis should be placed on cultivating strong seedlings and preventing leggy. 2, pay attention to transfer, transfer elements in addition to the addition of base fertilizer over calcium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, the focus should be on the leaf calcium. The amino acid calcium (chelated calcium) was sprayed once every 10-15 days from the beginning of the seedling stage until the last fruit of the ear. Amino acid-state calcium is easily absorbed by plants. There are many trade names, such as calcium and calcium. In fact, goat milk, milk, and soymilk are natural amino acid calcium fertilizers, and their 300 times liquid spray and pouring effects are better. Boron-supplying: spraying 0.1%-0.2% borax solution at the seedling stage, spraying once every 5-7 days, spraying 3-4 times. 3, to grasp the good point of the flower concentration when the specific points need to adjust the concentration according to the following three points. (1) According to the quality of flowers. The malformed flowers are promptly discarded at the time of flowering. Good flowering and normal flowering can be based on the above principles. For malformed flowers that use hormones to promote fruit setting, the concentration should be reduced to a relatively low level, otherwise the top cracks will easily occur after the point. (2) According to the shed, spend the current temperature. There are great differences in the concentration of flowers used in different temperature points. It is necessary to adjust the concentration according to the temperature of the spot. Generally, it is more appropriate to spend a sunny day in the greenhouse with a relatively stable temperature. (3) Make adjustments based on the differences between flowers, flowers, and flowers.
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