In Shandong, where there is often rain in winter and spring all year round, drought often occurs before sowing. In addition, the temperature in spring is unstable, and cold currents often strike. This causes certain difficulties for planting cotton seedlings. Cotton is a dicotyledonous unearthed crop, and seedling emergence is not unearthed compared with cotyledon and Half-emerged dicots are difficult. Therefore, planting seedlings has always been the most important technical link in cotton production. Since the end of winter and spring, the rainfall in our province has been significantly lower than normal, and the bottom of the cotton field has been insufficient, which has made it more difficult to sow seedlings. To this end, the Cotton Technical Guidance Station of Shandong Province specially formulated and issued the “Opinions on the 2014 Cotton Seeding and Sowing and Preserving Seedling Techniques†in mid-March. In order to ensure that this year's cotton seedlings are all seeded and seedlings have been made early, the cotton sub-branches have made investigations and discussions to raise some points for attention on cotton sowing and seedling preservation techniques for the reference of agricultural technicians and farmers in the cotton region.
One is to have sufficient varieties. First of all, we must select the approved and matched varieties of cotton, and use these varieties to process selected and depilated coated seeds, which not only have high germination rate, but also have the effect of controlling pests and diseases at seedling stage. It should be noted that it is strictly forbidden to soak seed in coated seeds; be sure to purchase the seeds produced by regular enterprises with complete three certificates; be sure to show the instructions and ask for purchase invoices; select sunny days for 2-3 days before sowing 15 days or so. To break the seed dormancy, promote germination, emergence.
The second is to build up security. Cotton planting areas in our province are mainly distributed in the three regions of Lubei (East), northwest Shandong, and southwest Shandong. Most of the southwest of Shandong Province are nursery transplanting, and there is not much water needed during the seedling raising period, while Lubei (east) and northwestern Luhu are mostly live cotton fields. The saline-alkali land cotton fields account for a large proportion, and they must be made or freshwater before salting. Sowing seeds. For cotton fields with irrigated conditions, it is necessary to seize the opportunity. In general, cotton fields are to be forged about 20 days before sowing, and salt and salt in heavy and medium-alkali areas should be filled with salt for about 10 days in advance, and the amount of irrigation water should be appropriately increased to control 80-100 square meters. After making a stumbling block, it is necessary to make a proper site preparation and carry out the renewal. For water-free conditions of cotton, it is recommended that the film be raised and sown. About one month before sowing, after hoeing (grabbing) hoeing the soil preparation, it is followed by mulching, compacting both sides of the mulch, and punching the film on the spot when the temperature is appropriate.
The third is the appropriate sowing. At present, there are many types of cotton available for selection and the sowing date is more flexible. Normal cotton fields are generally planted at a stable temperature of 14°C at a ground temperature of 5cm. This way, seedling transplanting cotton can be planted in early April; live-sowing cotton can be planted on the 15-25th of April in the southwest of Shandong, and northwest and north of Shandong in April 15th. - sowing on the 30th; saline-alkali cotton fields because of difficulty in absorbing cotton seeds, can be properly delayed sowing, generally grasping at 5 cm when the temperature stable through 15 °C sowing, that is, April 25 - May 5 sowing. To avoid a sudden high temperature, busy planting, after a serious drop in temperature, affecting the emergence of cotton, cotton early sowing is not premature.
The fourth is a reasonable dense planting. The density must be determined by considering factors such as habits, varieties, soil fertility, sowing date, and irrigation and drainage conditions. Roubei and Lu north cotton areas are mostly conventional insect-resistant cotton, middle and upper-grade fertility, spring cotton planted at an appropriate period, with a density of 3500-4500 plants/mu, with an average spacing of 80 cm; suitable for future mechanized harvesting. 76 cm isometric planting. Most of the southwestern Shandong cotton areas are hybrid insect-resistant cotton, and the density is generally controlled at 2000-2500 plants/mu, and the row spacing is preferably 1.0-1.2 meters.
The fifth is precision seeding. The cotton field with good site preparation and good footing should be sown with precision sowing machines as far as possible, and 2 seeds should be planted in each hole according to the predetermined plant spacing, and then the cover film should be used. The amount per mu should be 0.75-1kg. Precise seeding requires the seed rate and germination rate of the cotton seed to be above 80%, the higher the better. Precise sowing of the cotton field, after the emergence of seedlings can be reduced seedlings, Dingmiao links. The quality of soil preparation and general lyrics in the cotton field is determined by mechanical drilling. The amount of seed used per acre is 2.5-5kg and sowing depth is 3cm. For the cotton fields that cannot be made up, the mountain pears can be used to open deep trenches with a ditch depth of about 9cm, and then they can be sown at the bottom of the trenches. The seeds must be compacted and cannot be vacant and then covered with soil. The depth of the groove is the same, the depth of the groove is 3 cm, then the water is dipped in the ditch, about 1500 kg per mu. After the infiltration, the seeds are planted according to the plant spacing. Each hole is soaked with 5-7 grains of seed soaked, and then the bag is ridged. The center is 10 centimeters from the ground. When most of the cotton seeds germinate, tie up, and rise to the top of the soil, one breaks the ridge to help the seedlings emerge.
Sixth, pay attention to keeping seedlings. After sowing, we must promptly check and find that missed sowing and dew-seeds should be immediately replanted and covered with soil. After the cotton is developed, it is found that the seedlings are cut off and ridges are vacant. It is necessary to promptly replant seedlings or shoots to transplant seedlings; Timely release of seedlings to prevent high-temperature burning seedlings; seedlings generally do not water, after the rain appeared on the ground, should be promptly cultivating loose soil, remove the compaction; cotton seedling pests are mainly cotton aphid and spider mites, etc., should pay attention to observe after emergence , timely forecast and prevention.
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