Identification
Microscopic identification
Leaf surface view: Epidermal cells are polygonal, cell wall is slightly beaded thickened, and the peristaltic wall is straight or slightly curved; the epidermal cells on leaf veins are oblong, and the peripheral wall shows stripe texture; the upper and lower epidermis are inequality stomata.
Mesophyll cross-section: two-sided barrier type, parenchyma cells containing calcium oxalate clusters. [1]
Physical and chemical identification
TLC: Take 2 g of coarse powder, add 30 ml of methanol, reflux for half an hour, and filter. Take the filtrate 10ml, concentrated to 2ml, as the test solution. In addition, take a small amount of flat soup and make a control solution. The above two solutions were spotted on a polyamide film, developed with acetone-ethanol-formic acid-water (3:2:1:3), exhibiting a 6.3 cm spread, and were taken out and allowed to dry. Spray 1% aluminum trichloride ethanol solution and observe under ultraviolet light (254nm). The chromatogram of the sample is in the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the reference substance. There are fluorescent spots of the same color.
Character identification
Stem cylindrical and slightly flat, branched, long 10-40cm, diameter 1.0-3mm. The surface is grayish green or reddish-brown, with fine micro-protrusions of vertical lines; the nodes are slightly enlarged with light brown membranous stipules, and the lengths of the nodes are not uniform; they are hard, easy to break, and the white part of the cross section is white. Leaves alternate, leaves more than fall off or shattered, the entire person flattened into a long oval or lanceolate, long l-4cm, width of about 5mm, all lines, gray-green or brown-green. Sometimes seen with small achenes of persistent perianth, dark brown, ovate-triangled. Gas micro. Slightly bitter taste. It is better to use tender, leafy, and grayish green.
(1) Powder gray green. The vertical walls of the epidermis of the upper and lower leaves of the leaves are nearly straight, and there are keratin lines on the peripheral wall. The main pores are inequalities, and there are 3 subordinate cells. The cross section view of the mesophyll is a two-barrier type. The parenchyma cells contain calcium oxalate clusters with a diameter of 18 to 43 μm.
(2) take this product powder 5g, add 70% ethanol 100ml, hydrochloric acid 5ml, heat reflux 3 hours, filtered, the filtrate as the test solution. Another quercetin reference substance was added and ethanol was added to prepare a 0.5 mg solution per 1 ml as a reference solution. According to the TLC test, 5 μl of the test solution was pipetted, and 1 μl of the reference solution was spotted on the same silica gel H-laminate with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as the binder, using toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid ( 5:2:1) For developing solvent, unfold it, take it out, dry it, spray it with 1% aluminum trichloride ethanol solution, and check under UV light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color appear on the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the reference substance.
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