First, ponds in ponds have a small water capacity. In a closed water environment, the exchange of water with the outside world depends entirely on water exchange. Residues, metabolic wastes, and other contaminants of fish are easily deposited at the bottom of the pool, so the pond water environment is often subject to change and is not easy to control. According to the biological characteristics of Russian quail, pond culture generally adopts both monoculture and polyculture. 1. Single pond (1) Pond conditions. New or old pond renovations can be used. Increasing the pond area and volume is conducive to the stability of the water environment, but the area is too inconvenient to manage, generally not more than 10 acres, and the water depth requires more than 2m. Set the inlet and outlet, and configure the aerator. (2) Restocking time. According to the climatic conditions in different regions, northern regions try to avoid cold temperatures in winter, while southern regions try to avoid the summer heat. (3) Fish species specifications and stocking densities. Fish species with larger specifications should be stocked as much as possible to shorten the breeding cycle. The best fish size is more than 100g. Stocking densities, juveniles with a body weight of 100 g should not exceed 1 tail/m2 (700 tails/acre). (4) feed and feeding. Mainly with compound feed, can also be supplemented with fresh or frozen mixed fish. Fish that are fed with a single frozen fish for a long period of time are prone to vitamin deficiency, so do not use it for long periods. In addition, the feed fish in the water content is easy to dissolve and pollute the water quality, so it should be used as little as possible. Feeding amount should be increased or decreased according to the weather and water temperature. In order to increase the utilization rate of feed, a cement platform with a surface area of ​​several square meters can be built at the outlet of the pond as a feed station. Large ponds can be set up for several more. In addition to improving the feed utilization rate, the role of the feed table is also convenient to observe the feeding situation of the carp and adjust the feeding amount in time. A light shelter can be placed on the feed table for feeding and observation. When the water temperature in summer exceeds 28°C, monitoring should be strengthened, and if necessary, the amount of feeding should be reduced or even temporarily stopped. (5) Daily management. At least two ponds will be inspected every day. In the summer high temperature period or other special conditions, the number of pond inspections should be increased. During the cultivation process, we must pay attention to water quality management, change water frequently, and keep the water fresh. During the hot season, the aerators should be activated every day and the amount of water changed should be increased to prevent the catfish from dying due to lack of oxygen or death due to excessive water temperature. (6) Wintering and crossing the summer. The Russian cockroach almost stopped growing when the water temperature dropped to 10°C, and there was a risk of death when the water temperature rose above 30°C. Therefore, when the water temperature drops to 12°C during the winter in the northern area, the carp should be moved into the indoor pool for winter. In southern China where the climate is warm and the winter water temperature is not very low, and where the low temperature period is short, it can be overwintering in farm ponds. However, during the high temperature period in summer, the monitoring of water temperature should be strengthened. It can be adopted in ponds with large areas and deep ponds, increasing the water exchange rate or using micro-flowing water, or using a shading shed on the pond to cool down the temperature to ensure the safety of squid. Cross the summer. 2. Pond polyculture ponds are mainly fed with Russian oysters, effectively utilizing the water space, becoming upper fish, and Russia being the bottom fish. Their respective activities are not affected. In addition, there is no conflict in the food farms, and the ingestion of plankton can purify the living water environment in Russia. The Russian roach's excrement can be used as a bait. (1) Fish pond conditions. Pond area is generally 5 to 10 acres, water depth of 2 to 3 meters, convenient drainage, equipped with aerator. (2) Stocking density. Stocking 30-40 g seedlings, 1,500 tails/mu per acre; carp summer flowers 4500 tails/acre. (3) feed feeding. Feed artificial feed, feed adhere to the "four set" principle. Timing: Three times a day, ie, 8 o'clock, 14 o'clock, and 17 o'clock. Slightly less when the feeding amount is 14. Positioning: Two bait stations per acre, each 6 square meters. The concentrated bait feeds the fish to form a conditional reflex feed. Qualitative: artificial compound feed fresh, no mildew. Quantitative: According to water temperature, weather, water quality and eating conditions and weight to determine the amount of feeding. At 20 to 24°C, the feed amount occupies 4.5% of the body weight, and when it is 25 to 28°C, the feed amount accounts for 5% of the body weight. Pay attention to the hot days or stop before the thunderstorm. (4) Water quality control. When the fish stocks are stocked, they should be filled with water 1.5 meters. Change the water every four days. Change the water no less than 40 centimeters each time. The transparency should be higher than 40 centimeters. In the hot season, open the aerator. Second, cage culture (1) culture conditions. The site selection principles for farms are the same as for young fish cages. (2) cage settings. The shape of the cage is square or rectangular, with an area of ​​20-100 m2 and a depth of 2.5 m. The mesh is 3cm at the beginning, and it will be increased as needed. (3) Restocking time. Depending on the weather conditions in different places, it is generally restocked when the water temperature rises above 14°C in spring and summer. (4) Juvenile size and stocking density. The specifications of the fingerlings are preferably more than 100g in weight and more than Z7cm in body length. Stocking density 40-45 tails/m2. If the density is too small, one is a waste of space, and the second is not conducive to competition for feeding by fish and poor feeding. However, if the density is too high, it will also affect the feeding of squid, and it will also be injured due to the friction between the fish and the bone plate of the fish when catching food, and this will cause watery mildew. Therefore, we must determine the optimum density according to the actual situation. (5) feed and feeding. The feed uses fresh animal feed or with bait. Crude protein content in artificial feed should be around 40%. Daily feeding (dry weight) is about 2% to 5% of juvenile fish weight, depending on the water temperature. In the appropriate temperature range, the water temperature is high, the fish metabolic rate is high, and the food intake is increased, so the amount of feeding is also correspondingly increased. The number of feedings should also increase. When the water temperature exceeds 28°C, observe the fish's feeding condition, and if necessary, reduce the feeding rate or temporarily stop feeding. Table 1 shows the method of feeding at the Xianbu Bay Trout Culture Institute in Dalian for reference. (6) Daily management. Day-to-day management points: 1) During the feeding period, daily inspections should be made to the cages to check if the nets are damaged and prevent the nets from fleeing. 2) Periodically remove dirt from the cage and remove dead fish and salmon that have been infected with water mold. Scrub the cage once every 15 days to remove the attachments, make the exchange of water inside and outside the cage smooth, and keep the water quality fresh. 3) Every morning and afternoon, when the water temperature is measured, the indicators of hydration, pH, and other hydration in the water should be periodically measured and well documented. 4) Determine the body length and body weight of the carp every 15 days, and adjust the stocking density according to the growth conditions: When the body weight is 121 to 300 g, stocking density is 25 to 30/m2; when 301 to 600 g, 15 to 20, M2; 601 to 1500 g, 5 to 10 tails/m2. While adjusting the stocking density, size screening should also be conducted. That is to say, the same size of squid should be kept in different cages separately. This can reduce the casualties caused by killing each other when lack of food. In addition, depending on the growth situation, it is also necessary to replace the net with a larger mesh. (7) Growth. Table 2 and Table 3 show the growth status of Russian cockroaches in the cage culture of the Xianbu Bay Trout Culture Research Institute in Dalian. After 5 months of breeding, the weight of the carp was 1.2-1.3kg/fly at the time of harvest, the average daily weight was 7.6g, and the daily weight gain rate was 1.15%, which was more than double the growth rate of the industrially farmed carp in the same period. Third, the method of aquaculture in aquaculture and water culture in juvenile fish ponds is basically the same. The differences are: (1) Breeding density. Adjust the rearing density according to the growth of fish: 121-300g, 20-30/m2; 301-600g, 15-20/m2; 601-1500g, 18-10/m2; Adult fish breeding can use fresh animal feed or artificial compound feed. The crude protein content of compound feed is lower than that of juvenile fish, which is about 40%. The daily feeding rate is about 2% to 5%. Depending on the temperature of the water, the feeding amount should be increased accordingly when the water temperature is high. (3) Growth. Dalian Xianhu Bay Trout Culture Research Institute adopts deep well water to plant Russian quail in indoor factory. Under low water temperature conditions (up to 18°C), after 5 months of breeding, carp weight is about 0.5~0.6kg/tail. (100 to 120 g/tail at stocking), with an average daily weight of 3.3 g, and an increase rate of 0.47% per day. IV. Overwintering Management (1) Overwintering Conditions The survival temperature of Russian quail is 2-30°C. When the water temperature is lower than 1°C, dead fish will appear. Therefore, the minimum water temperature for overwintering must not be lower than 1°C. Under natural conditions, there will be a thick layer of ice on the winter water surface, and the temperature of the ice water is 1-4°C, which will not cause harm to Russian crickets. Under the condition of artificial breeding, the winter generally has a wintering pond. The depth of the wintering pond should be more than 1.5 meters. When the winter is over, the stocking density should be taken care of. If the density is too large to cause dead fish due to lack of oxygen, new water should be added in time. When the northern region adopts flow-through farming, some of the sources of non-frozen rivers, the minimum temperature in winter can be close to 0 °C. When the water temperature is too low, well water should be injected and the temperature adjusted to above 1°C. The Beijing Fangshan Eel Breeding Technical Engineering Center of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences is using the water of the Juma River for aquaculture production. In winter, the water temperature is mixed with well water and river water to regulate the temperature of the water. The bright water will pass through the winter and the winter season will be able to feed a small amount. Wintering management Relatively convenient. In the southern region, water deterrence is generally not lower than 3°C, and it will not be frozen and open water management, so there will be no overwintering problem. (2) The daily management of winter ponds in northern areas should pay attention to the following issues: First, the stocking densities should not be too large when wintering, and should not exceed 250 kg/mu; Second, try to change several times as much water as possible during winter; Third, keep the ice clean, Use biological oxygenation to supplement the dissolved oxygen in the water. In particular, snow must be removed as soon as possible after it has snowed. In aquaculture, the temperature of winter water should be controlled above 1°C. If it is below 1°C, it will be dangerous. The Russian quail feeds on feed when the water temperature is low. Therefore, it is common to breed without water during the winter. When the water temperature is low, feeding a small amount of feed can meet the needs of Russian quail. At this time, the growth of carp is basically stopped.
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