In order to further optimize and adjust the fishery industry structure, effectively promote “fishery efficiency improvement and increase the income of fishermen†and actively explore the application of pollution-free aquatic product breeding techniques in fishery production practice, the aquatic product promotion station of Sanmenxia City, Henan Province in April 2008 From 20th to April 20th, 2009, rainbow trout water culture experiment was conducted in a 1000m2 pond in Dianzi Scenic Area, Shan County. After one year of careful feeding and management, 34,000 kg of adult fish was harvested, and the output value reached 1.19 million yuan. Achieved a profit of 650,000 yuan and achieved remarkable results. The main points of the breeding techniques in this experiment are summarized as follows to promote the promotion and development of the project.
Rainbow trout is most suitable for artificial intensive aquaculture and has the characteristics of high yield, high efficiency, and a broad market, so rainbow trout farming has developed rapidly, and the aquaculture area and output have increased year by year. At the same time, by conducting pollution-free culture in natural waters, the quality and safety of listed fish are effectively guaranteed, and profits are also considerable. This not only protects the interests of consumers, but also protects the interests of farmers. Therefore, rainbow trout farming is carried out to scientifically and effectively utilize the high-quality spring water resources in the mountainous regions of western Henan, vigorously develop resource-saving and environment-friendly modern fisheries, promote fishery efficiency, increase fishermen's income, and achieve ecological, economic and social benefits. The comprehensive improvement has a very important significance.
1, the basic characteristics. Rainbow trout is a cold-water fish, the normal growth water temperature is 1-24 °C, the optimum growth temperature is 14-16 °C; the oxygen content of the water is required above 5mg / L; pH value is 7-8. Rainbow trout broodstock is generally mature 2–3 years old, females spawn once a year, spawning 1000–3000 capsules per end each time. Rainbow trout broodstock begin breeding in December each year.
2, broodstock cultivation. The broodstock requires gravel bottoms with a water depth of 1.5 meters and a flow rate of 0.05 flow (5 liters per second at 100m2). Stocking density 1-3 tails, m2, male to female ratio is 1:1. Rainbow trout is afraid of light, and the daily light time is controlled under 12 hours. During the cultivation, the feed formulation changes with the development stage of gonads. Normally animal feeds account for 20%-30% of the total, and should be increased to 50%-60% before egg collection, before harvesting, and after harvesting. The feed amount is 0.5% to 2% of body weight.
3, egg insemination. Females use caudal fins for digging nests in shallow flowing shallow water, and their body color is gradually dark. The vents are red and prominent. The abdomen is large and soft. At this time, if there is a sense of free egg, the eggs are lightly pressed. , indicating that the female fish is mature. Males have darker body color, rougher surface, and soft burrow around the vents. White semen can be seen on the light pressure fish belly, indicating that the male fish is mature. General water temperature begins to collect eggs at 1-11 °C, 5-9 °C for the egg harvest period, the use of squeezed eggs. The specific approach is as follows: One person grabs the female fish with its head up and its abdomen is aligned with the ovary. One person gently presses the cleaned basin along the direction of the genital hole to lightly press the ovary at the trailing edge of the ovary, and the fish eggs flow into the basin. Then, using the same method, male sperm were squeezed into a pot, stirred with feathers for 30 seconds, and then the two were brought into full contact with a small amount of fresh water. After a little stirring, the mixture was allowed to stand for 2 minutes before adding a large amount of fresh water, and allowed to stand for 4 hours. The fertilized eggs can be hatched in trays for hatching. The entire process must be shaded.
4, hatching method. A 200cm 40cm 37cm sink is made of wood or plastic. The size of the hatchery tray is 33cm 33cm 1.6cm. The hatching tray containing the eggs is placed in a sink. The upper hatching tray covers an empty plate and presses a weight to prevent drifting. Shade in the hatchery. The suitable water temperature for hatching is 7-13°C, the optimum water temperature is 8-10°C, and the water flow rate is 10-20L per minute. Note that in the entire incubation process, the dead eggs are removed in time. The eggs are disinfected once a week for 30 minutes with 1% formalin or 2% saline solution.
5, adult fish breeding, fish species. In order to obtain high yields, a sufficient amount of fish species must be added. In the one-year growth period, the annual production volume is about 3.5 to 5 times of the stocking amount. Under the permitted conditions, the stocking amount is proportional to the production amount, so In order to achieve a predetermined annual production, the stocking amount must reach 20% to 30% of the production target.
6, use of input products. Feeds for rainbow trout are mainly imported fish meal, domestic fish meal, meat and bone meal, meat meal, blood meal, yeast meal, beer yeast, bean cake, soybean, soybean meal, wheat bran, cornmeal, flour, and vitamins and minerals. Fish oil, soybean oil, etc. Crude protein content in feed is about 43%, crude fat is about 13%, crude ash is 6% to 12%, crude fiber is 2% to 5%, nitrogen-free extract is 20% to 25%, carbohydrate is 20% to 30%, phosphorus Above 0.8%, calcium 0.2% to 0.25%, magnesium 0.1%, sodium chloride l% to 2%. The metabolic energy in the feed should be greater than 300 kcal/100 g. Feed ingredients must be of guaranteed quality. Moldy, deteriorating feed must not be used.
7, daily management
(1) Water management and control. The water for raising fish should be clean and pollution-free. The water injection rate should be between 10 and 15. The best growing temperature for growing fish is 12-18%, and the annual water temperature should not be lower than 10%. Not more than 22%, the dissolved oxygen in water is better than 9mg/L, and the minimum dissolved oxygen in the water should not be lower than 5mg/L.
(2) Oxygenation, in order to obtain the largest possible output for a limited amount of water, oxygenation is required. There are two types of oxygen increase measures, one is the natural drop of injected water, and the other is water drop and oxygen increase. Another method is to increase the oxygen with an aerator. Currently used aerators are paddle type, YL impeller type, turbine type, water spray type, and water wheel type.
(3) Screening, the same pool fish, there is a significant difference in growth, this is a common phenomenon, such as timely screening can be sold in time or individually stocked fish size, which is conducive to the growth of small-scale fish. Screened fish can be screened with a widening crossbar filter with a fish pond.
(4) Feeding can be fed by hand or automatic feeder. Feeding baits should adhere to the "four set" principle, namely "quality, quantity, timing, positioning." The number of feedings is generally twice a day. Feeding should be quantified to prevent fish from eating too much, generally reaching 80% full, observing fish looting and weakening, and some fish can walk away when they go out of the water, then you can stop feeding and feed evenly. Try to make the fish eat as much as possible. To get enough feed, pay attention to reduce feed wastage.
(5) Prevention of fish diseases, fish diseases should be mainly prevention. If effective preventive measures are taken before the fish catches the disease, the occurrence of fish diseases can be eliminated or reduced, and losses can be reduced. When a fish disease is found, it is inevitable to cause Certain losses, so the fish should be found early, timely treatment. The fish species should be washed with 3% saline before stocking, splash lime every half a month, each dosage of 20kg/mu, and add appropriate amount of edible salt in the feed, which has a certain effect on disease prevention and control. Throughout the feeding process, rainbow trout has few diseases and conventional drugs can be treated.
Rainbow trout is most suitable for artificial intensive aquaculture and has the characteristics of high yield, high efficiency, and a broad market, so rainbow trout farming has developed rapidly, and the aquaculture area and output have increased year by year. At the same time, by conducting pollution-free culture in natural waters, the quality and safety of listed fish are effectively guaranteed, and profits are also considerable. This not only protects the interests of consumers, but also protects the interests of farmers. Therefore, rainbow trout farming is carried out to scientifically and effectively utilize the high-quality spring water resources in the mountainous regions of western Henan, vigorously develop resource-saving and environment-friendly modern fisheries, promote fishery efficiency, increase fishermen's income, and achieve ecological, economic and social benefits. The comprehensive improvement has a very important significance.
1, the basic characteristics. Rainbow trout is a cold-water fish, the normal growth water temperature is 1-24 °C, the optimum growth temperature is 14-16 °C; the oxygen content of the water is required above 5mg / L; pH value is 7-8. Rainbow trout broodstock is generally mature 2–3 years old, females spawn once a year, spawning 1000–3000 capsules per end each time. Rainbow trout broodstock begin breeding in December each year.
2, broodstock cultivation. The broodstock requires gravel bottoms with a water depth of 1.5 meters and a flow rate of 0.05 flow (5 liters per second at 100m2). Stocking density 1-3 tails, m2, male to female ratio is 1:1. Rainbow trout is afraid of light, and the daily light time is controlled under 12 hours. During the cultivation, the feed formulation changes with the development stage of gonads. Normally animal feeds account for 20%-30% of the total, and should be increased to 50%-60% before egg collection, before harvesting, and after harvesting. The feed amount is 0.5% to 2% of body weight.
3, egg insemination. Females use caudal fins for digging nests in shallow flowing shallow water, and their body color is gradually dark. The vents are red and prominent. The abdomen is large and soft. At this time, if there is a sense of free egg, the eggs are lightly pressed. , indicating that the female fish is mature. Males have darker body color, rougher surface, and soft burrow around the vents. White semen can be seen on the light pressure fish belly, indicating that the male fish is mature. General water temperature begins to collect eggs at 1-11 °C, 5-9 °C for the egg harvest period, the use of squeezed eggs. The specific approach is as follows: One person grabs the female fish with its head up and its abdomen is aligned with the ovary. One person gently presses the cleaned basin along the direction of the genital hole to lightly press the ovary at the trailing edge of the ovary, and the fish eggs flow into the basin. Then, using the same method, male sperm were squeezed into a pot, stirred with feathers for 30 seconds, and then the two were brought into full contact with a small amount of fresh water. After a little stirring, the mixture was allowed to stand for 2 minutes before adding a large amount of fresh water, and allowed to stand for 4 hours. The fertilized eggs can be hatched in trays for hatching. The entire process must be shaded.
4, hatching method. A 200cm 40cm 37cm sink is made of wood or plastic. The size of the hatchery tray is 33cm 33cm 1.6cm. The hatching tray containing the eggs is placed in a sink. The upper hatching tray covers an empty plate and presses a weight to prevent drifting. Shade in the hatchery. The suitable water temperature for hatching is 7-13°C, the optimum water temperature is 8-10°C, and the water flow rate is 10-20L per minute. Note that in the entire incubation process, the dead eggs are removed in time. The eggs are disinfected once a week for 30 minutes with 1% formalin or 2% saline solution.
5, adult fish breeding, fish species. In order to obtain high yields, a sufficient amount of fish species must be added. In the one-year growth period, the annual production volume is about 3.5 to 5 times of the stocking amount. Under the permitted conditions, the stocking amount is proportional to the production amount, so In order to achieve a predetermined annual production, the stocking amount must reach 20% to 30% of the production target.
6, use of input products. Feeds for rainbow trout are mainly imported fish meal, domestic fish meal, meat and bone meal, meat meal, blood meal, yeast meal, beer yeast, bean cake, soybean, soybean meal, wheat bran, cornmeal, flour, and vitamins and minerals. Fish oil, soybean oil, etc. Crude protein content in feed is about 43%, crude fat is about 13%, crude ash is 6% to 12%, crude fiber is 2% to 5%, nitrogen-free extract is 20% to 25%, carbohydrate is 20% to 30%, phosphorus Above 0.8%, calcium 0.2% to 0.25%, magnesium 0.1%, sodium chloride l% to 2%. The metabolic energy in the feed should be greater than 300 kcal/100 g. Feed ingredients must be of guaranteed quality. Moldy, deteriorating feed must not be used.
7, daily management
(1) Water management and control. The water for raising fish should be clean and pollution-free. The water injection rate should be between 10 and 15. The best growing temperature for growing fish is 12-18%, and the annual water temperature should not be lower than 10%. Not more than 22%, the dissolved oxygen in water is better than 9mg/L, and the minimum dissolved oxygen in the water should not be lower than 5mg/L.
(2) Oxygenation, in order to obtain the largest possible output for a limited amount of water, oxygenation is required. There are two types of oxygen increase measures, one is the natural drop of injected water, and the other is water drop and oxygen increase. Another method is to increase the oxygen with an aerator. Currently used aerators are paddle type, YL impeller type, turbine type, water spray type, and water wheel type.
(3) Screening, the same pool fish, there is a significant difference in growth, this is a common phenomenon, such as timely screening can be sold in time or individually stocked fish size, which is conducive to the growth of small-scale fish. Screened fish can be screened with a widening crossbar filter with a fish pond.
(4) Feeding can be fed by hand or automatic feeder. Feeding baits should adhere to the "four set" principle, namely "quality, quantity, timing, positioning." The number of feedings is generally twice a day. Feeding should be quantified to prevent fish from eating too much, generally reaching 80% full, observing fish looting and weakening, and some fish can walk away when they go out of the water, then you can stop feeding and feed evenly. Try to make the fish eat as much as possible. To get enough feed, pay attention to reduce feed wastage.
(5) Prevention of fish diseases, fish diseases should be mainly prevention. If effective preventive measures are taken before the fish catches the disease, the occurrence of fish diseases can be eliminated or reduced, and losses can be reduced. When a fish disease is found, it is inevitable to cause Certain losses, so the fish should be found early, timely treatment. The fish species should be washed with 3% saline before stocking, splash lime every half a month, each dosage of 20kg/mu, and add appropriate amount of edible salt in the feed, which has a certain effect on disease prevention and control. Throughout the feeding process, rainbow trout has few diseases and conventional drugs can be treated.
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