Elemental phosphorus superphosphate (including calcium superphosphate) is a water-soluble available fertilizer; calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is a weak acid-soluble slow-release fertilizer; phosphate rock powder is an insoluble soluble fertilizer. In agricultural production, only based on the properties of phosphate fertilizers, on the basis of scientific cooperation with nitrogen fertilizers, potash fertilizers, and other trace element fertilizers, rational application of soil, crops, corn crops and other conditions can give full play to fertilizer efficiency, reduce fertilizer losses, and increase crops. Yield and improve product quality.
I. Selecting Phosphorus Fertilizer According to Soil Acidity and Alkaness
Superphosphate can be quickly absorbed and utilized by crops and can be applied to various soils. Phosphate rock fines have good application effects on acid soils and poor application on calcareous or non-acidic soils. However, the requirements for soil conditions of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate fertilizers are not very strict. Generally, they are applied to acid soils with good fertilizer efficiency, but they can also be applied to calcareous soils and neutral soils, but their fertilizer efficiency is poor.
Second, according to the characteristics of phosphate fertilizer selection method of fertilization
Phosphate fertilizers are less mobile in soil and therefore are generally used as base fertilizers. Water-soluble phosphate fertilizer and weak acid-soluble phosphate fertilizer have good effects as seed fertilizers. The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer has no free acid and is suitable for seed dressing or rooting. Superphosphate is used as base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, and top dressing. In order to meet the requirement of phosphorus nutrition for the whole growing period of crops, phosphorus ore powder can be used as the base fertilizer for absorption in the middle and late crops, and superphosphate can be used as the seed fertilizer for the absorption of seedlings at the seedling stage. Thus, the fertilizers of different varieties interact with each other more scientifically. method. For water-soluble, quick-acting phosphate fertilizers, in order to reduce the chemical fixation of phosphorus in the soil, centralized application should be advocated, such as application of strips, acupuncture, and organic fertilizers; and for insoluble phosphate fertilizers, in order to increase contact between fertilizers and soil particles. Decentralized application should be implemented. The use of insoluble phosphate fertilizers in combination with acidic fertilizers and physiological acidic fertilizers, or combined rot with organic fertilizers, and application to green manure crops with high phosphorus absorption capacity can increase fertilizer efficiency.
Third, according to the soil science application of phosphate fertilizer
Since soil phosphorus supply, organic matter content, soil maturity, etc. are all related to the fertilizer efficiency of phosphate fertilizer, the growth of crop yield will be limited if other growth factors are normal, and the level of soil phosphorus supply is low or the structure is poor. The application of phosphate fertilizer on such soil not only increases the yield, but also has a higher economic benefit. Therefore, phosphate fertilizers should be preferentially allocated to low-yield fields, lean lands, dry lands, and new lands where phosphorus deficiency occurs.
IV. Reasonable allocation of phosphate fertilizer according to different rotation systems
In different cropping systems, phosphate fertilizers should be mainly allocated to cornices that maximize the effectiveness of fertilizers. For example, in the rice and wheat double cropping system, due to the weak ability of large wheat to absorb phosphate fertilizer, at the same time, due to less soil moisture, the diffusion rate of phosphorus in soil is slow, and the root system of large wheat is not easy to absorb phosphate fertilizer. Satisfy the need for phosphorus; when planting rice, because the soil is in flooding and reducing conditions, the availability of phosphorus is higher, and less phosphorus fertilizer can be applied. In the rotation of green manure crops and other crops, phosphorus fertilizers, especially insoluble phosphate fertilizers, should be mainly applied to green manure crops. Because the green manure crops have strong phosphorus absorption ability, in the case of improving phosphorus nutrition, the nitrogen fixation capacity of legume green manure crops can be improved. At the same time, the increase in the yield of green manure crops provided adequate organic fertilizer sources for the post-harvest production, achieving the goal of “increasing nitrogen with phosphorusâ€.
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