1. When clear gardens are cleared of leaves after deciduous, they must remove the broken branches, rotten leaves, diseased fruits, insect pests, etc. in the orchard once and thoroughly, and bury them deep in the soil to improve the soil. The content of organic matter provides nitrogen fertilizer for fruit trees; it can also reduce environmental pollution and play a role in water conservation.
2, the cause of fluid injection: physiological potassium deficiency, viruses, bacteria, insect pests or human damage.
Governance method:
1 kg of copper sulphate, three kilos of lime, 10 pounds of water and half a catty of cooking oil (peanut oil, lard, etc.) mixed evenly, convection plastic parts smear. (Note: do not artificially scrape glue when applying it, otherwise it will aggravate the condition.) Apply it 3-5 times a day, for 2-3 times. This method is effective for large cherries, apricots and peaches.
2 First scrape off the diseased area with a knife, exposing the formation layer without injury. If the formation layer has been infected with the disease, then how much of the melanization area will be scraped off. In the upper part of the lesion, extend 1 to 2 cm to the healthy part, and extend 2 to 3 cm to the healthy part under the lesion.
Control methods: seaweed extract plant immune stimulation production of 1000 times + disinfection fled 500 times + shell oligosaccharides citrate callus 500 times mixed solution, carboxymethyl chitosan protection agent 50 times, followed by brushing to lesions on.
3 Scrape the affected area, mix the loess with a 500-fold dilution of seaweed extract until the stickies are ready for use. Streptomycin was used to wipe out the diseased part of the pig and then smeared with yellow mud to seal it. Finally, a plastic film was adhered and it was tied with a rope to prevent it from falling off. After 20 days, the plastic film was removed.
3, rot, rough skin disease, dry rot, wood rot (the incidence of wood rot disease: in parts of the branches grow a lot of white fungus).
Cause: Viruses, germs, etc.
Treatment method: Put ten pounds of water and a pound of salt at the same time into the pot and boil it. After cooling, brush it on the branches of the diseased plants. Brush it once every other month. Brush twice for effective killing of pathogens or viruses. Completely cure the fruit tree (Note: This method must be implemented during the dormancy period until the budding of the fruit tree).
4, before the fruit cracking cherry plucked, the surface of the fruit appear soft, cyanotic symptoms; or appear immersed fruit (glass fruit); or bean spot disease; or in the fruit into the expansion period, the emergence of fruit cracking phenomenon .
Control methods:
1 From the beginning of flowering period to 3 days before picking, the leaves were sprayed once every 7-10 days with 800-fold dilution of "Erfang 2" and 7 days before picking were concentrated on the fruits with 500-fold dilution of Rubik's cube 3rd. Spray once.
2 root calcium supplement. After autumn or winter, or after the spring, dig 2-3 small pits in the root distribution area of ​​each fruit tree, with a depth of about 20 cm. Each pit is immersed in about half a catty of lime, and buried with soil (Note: Do not water, let it be Slowly decompose). Use once for two to three years. Embedded in the soil lime, can also play a role in the adjustment of soil acid-base balance, reduce pests and diseases.
3 leaf calcium. In the young cherry fruit period, the calcium used by the children or the elderly for calcium supplementation is crushed, and 1 tablet of calcium is diluted with 20-30 pounds of water and evenly sprayed on the leaves. If the crack is severe, it can be sprayed twice. One spray of 10-15 calcium tablets can also be sprayed together with pesticides. One spray can be used for one year.
5. The best fertilization time for mastering the fertilization time is to apply 70% of the fertilizer in the middle and late September, and the remaining 30% of the fertilizer should be applied one time before, after, and during fruit expansion. After the fruit is harvested, it must be topdressed. A total of 4 fertilizers can be applied in one year.
6, uneven coloring of the fruit surface, mature late or after entering the July-August, the leaves appear pale red, and quickly withered to death.
Cause: Magnesium deficiency causes poor nutrient transport in fruit trees.
Control methods:
Method one: Magnesium in roots. When manure and manure are applied, the appropriate amount of coal ash is mixed into the fertilizer and applied to the soil as radial strips in the orchard. One mu of land can be applied to about 200 pounds of coal ash.
Method two: leaf surface magnesium. About 20 days before the cherry harvest, 0.4% magnesium sulfate solution (4 magnesium sulfate to 100 kg water) was sprayed evenly on the big cherry leaf surface. Can also be sprayed with pesticides.
7. Top blight (ie, dead shoots, dead shoots, and spread to the entire tree body from the top of the tree, causing the tree to die).
Cause: Sulfur deficiency.
Control methods: A cherry tree supplement 2-3 sulfur powder. The sulfur powder is mixed with the soil and then applied to the root soil of the tree.
8. Fertilizer should pay attention to the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the fertilizer (to avoid soil hardening and acidification)
The optimum ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilizers should be 2:1:2. According to the "nitrogen-control, phosphorus-reducing, potassium-enhanced, micro-filling" formula for fertilization. (ie reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, and increase the application amount of potassium fertilizer and trace elements). From the young fruit period to the fruit harvest period, it is strictly prohibited to topdress nitrogen fertilizers to avoid the occurrence of fruit tree growth and reduce fruit production. After the fruit is picked, a 0.3% urea solution is sprayed on the branches and leaves, which can effectively control the content of nitrogen fertilizer in the soil. It can also delay the senescence of fruit trees and enhance the storage of fruit trees to provide nutrition for the next year's high yield.
9, yellow leaf disease (from the edge of the leaves began to yellow and spread to the leaves).
Cause: Iron deficiency.
Control methods: Due to yellow leaf disease in the fruit trees of rainwater ambassadors, 0.4% ferrous sulfate solution (ie, 4 ferrous sulfate to 100 kg water) and pesticides are mixed and sprayed on the fruit trees, which will take effect in 3-5 days.
10, rough skin (skin disease), hard flesh, red spots appear on the surface of the fruit; cracking occurs (Note calcium deficiency can also cause cracking disease)
Sickness: Silicon deficiency.
Control methods: leaf surface silicon. In the young fruit period, the leaves were sprayed with a 0.4% calcium carbonate solution (4 calcium silicate versus 100 pounds of water).
11, lobular disease, the cause of mosaic disease: zinc deficiency.
Control methods: Before the spring cherry germination, dry shoots were sprayed with 0.3% zinc sulfate solution (3 zinc sulfate to 100 kg water).
12. The cause of the tiny white spots on the leaves: Copper deficiency.
Control methods: do not need to add a separate supplement to ensure Bordeaux solution is sprayed twice a year.
13, frozen injury (lateral branch with rot symptoms, and the xylem black rotten, rot).
Etiology: lack of molybdenum.
Control methods: In combination with topdressing, apply 5-6 kg of molybdic acid ammonia or sodium molybdate per mu.
14, falling flowers, malformed fruit, flowering is not seated fruit etiology: Boron deficiency.
Control methods: Spray 800 times of seaweed extract and 0.3% borax aqueous solution twice before germination and during fruit expansion (add 3-4 pounds of warm water against 3 borax and add cold water. Spray in a short time. ). Pay attention to the application of borax must not be excessive, a borax of fruit trees can not be more than 4 two, otherwise it will cause borax poisoning.
Special recommendation:
Contains three essential elements of fruit tree growth, three elements and seven trace elements, and contains active substances that promote root growth and leaf surface absorption. Combined with organic fertilizer and bio-fertilizer, it can significantly improve large cherry fruit, sugar, Increased color reduces cracking, and has the effect of early maturation.
Cherry cultivation
1, tree selection
1-1 Three main trunks were modified to form three main branches with a diameter of 40 cm. Each main branch was equipped with four uniaxial extension collaterals. The three main layers above the three main branches were equipped with 10-15 uniaxial horizontal extension branches. The result of this tree shape is early, and its ability to withstand wind and rain is strong and it is easy to update. It is suitable for cultivation on flat ground.
1-2 The modified spindle is 70 centimeters dry, and the central stem is divided into four layers with 25-30 uniaxial horizontal extensions. The tree is easy to operate, results are early, and the ability to withstand wind and rain is slightly poor. It is suitable for cultivation in mountainous close planting gardens.
2, different periods of management
2-1 Shaping period from the beginning of colonization, to the spacing between the new shoots, some about 2-3 years.
2-1-1 Underground Manure Fertilizer applied before colonization. Spray 0.3% urea once every 15 days before the rainy season. From July to the beginning of the transfer of new shoots between plants, topdressing mainly farmyard manure and nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented by other fertilizers, a small number of times. Apply a small amount of water while fertilizing to increase fertilizer efficiency. The gardens in depression and clay fields should be cultivated. Pay attention to drainage during the rainy season. Inter-row crops are dominated by soybeans and peanuts. High-stalk crops, sweet potatoes, and potatoes cannot be grown.
2-1-2 on the tree to manage three main branches to improve the trunk shape, each main branch spacing 35 cm to cultivate a lateral branch, pruning in the spring or growth season cultivation. Pruning during the growing season should end by the end of July. Strictly control the number of branches on the back and the number of branch extensions. In the pruning, the main branch of the second bud is not dried, and the main branch angle is 70-70 degrees. In the stem, three to 10-15 single axis extension branches are cultured. The first layer 5-6, 80 cm from the three main branches; the second layer 4-5, 60 cm from the first layer; the third layer 3-4, 40 cm from the second layer, the tree height is controlled at 3 Meter.
Improved spindle-shaped four-layer culture 25-30 extension branches, the first 8-10; the second 7-9, 80 cm from the first layer; the third layer 5-6, from the second layer 60 Cm; fourth floor 4-5, 40 cm from the third floor. Tree height is controlled at 3 meters.
The two kinds of tree-shaped pull branches are to be standardized, and the cut buds are only carved on both sides of the shoots at the back of the branches.
The 2-2 first fruit tree culture is completed. To slow down the promotion of flowers, into the results, about 3-4 years old.
2-2-1 Underground management In addition to adding organic fertilizers, topdressing is based on the eight-character principle of “controlling nitrogen, reducing phosphorus, increasing potassium, and supplementing microbesâ€.
The top dressing is spring and autumn. The amount of fertilizer depends on the tree. Watering depends on the condition of soil drought, but wintering water, pre-flowering water, and hard nuclear water must be poured.
2-2-2 Management on the trees Adjust the branches of the stems and the branches of the resulting branches, and eliminate extended branches, excess branches, and long branches.
The extension branch between strains has been partially transferred. In mid-September of that year, 100-200 times of PP333 solution was sprayed according to variety and growth. In mid-May of the following year, the injection of 200 times PBO was performed in the middle and mid-afternoon, and the principle of better spraying of the same concentration of Wangshu, the spraying of weak trees, the spraying of Zhongkang trees, the spraying of Wang branch and more, the spraying of weak branches, and the principle of less spraying of Zhongkang branches. Annual shoot growth is controlled at 20-30 cm.
2-3 mu fruit production period 750-1000 kilograms, the higher 2000 kilograms, tree order more than 5 years.
2-3-1 Underground Management Increase the amount of organic fertilizer used. In particular, fully cooked soybeans, bean cakes, chicken dung, manure and so on. Basal fertilizer is applied once in mid-September in base fertilizer. Fertilizers must be formulated in top-dressing. Great cherry should pay special attention to the application of calcium, boron and other trace elements. Foliar can also be added as needed. Watering, hard core period is the most important, before flowering, fruit enlargement, wintering water is also very critical. If the water supply is scarce, the hard-core period can be solved by using the hole storage and fertilizer method.
2-3-2 When the management tree potential in the tree is completely stable, the improved trunk tree can gradually remove excess transitional branches and dense branches in the spring and after fruit harvesting and control the number of peripheral branches. For the red light, the early morning and other varieties that are easy to return to prosperity, 20-10 days before flowering, 6-10 grams of PBO or 200 times PBO can be sprayed. It not only stabilizes tree vigor, promotes the formation of flower buds, but also improves fruit set, reduces cracking, and has a certain ability to resist freezing and freezing.
3, improve the fruit
3-1 When it comes to setting up a garden, it is a good variety, usually more than 3 varieties. 50-60% of the main cultivars and 40-50% of other cultivars can significantly increase the natural fruit setting rate.
3-2 supplementation with artificial, bee, wall bee pollination can significantly increase the rate of fruit set.
3-3 Frankie spent 70%, spray 2000 times the speed of American production of boron plus 200 times PBO. Can significantly improve the rate of fruit set. Spraying 0.3% urea, 20PPM gibberellin, etc. have a certain effect on improving fruit set.
4. Pest control
After spraying 4-1 buds, 5 Baume degrees lime sulfur plus 300 times borax can eradicate overwintering pests, kill mulberry white vines, and increase fruit set rate.
4-2 After 3-5 days of fruit picking, spray 200 times the amount of Bordeaux mixture or 1800 times copper master. In case of rain, it has been changed to 800 times that produced by Japan's white party or multi-resistance. In the past years, bacterial perforation has been seriously affected by spraying agricultural streptomycin.
4-3 After the fruit is sprayed, it is sprayed with guatho or polymycin. After 8-10 days, it is sprayed with Bordeaux or copper master. Spray the second Bordeaux mixture or copper master in the middle or late August. If there is frequent rainfall, add a systemic fungicide in the middle.
Red and white spiders, leaf latent weeks and other insects that can cause defoliation can be combined with the spraying of Bordeaux mixture, copper masters, and chlorpromazine and other fungicides. However, it should be noted that some fungicides cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides. According to different rainfall each year, big cherry sprays 3-5 times a year.
5, special tips
After the 5-1 deciduous, the garden should be thoroughly cleaned, the spray should be carefully applied, and the dilution method should be appropriate.
5-2 After spraying, it sprays 600 times of fruit for 15 days, sprays once every 8-10 days, and sprays three times in succession. To reduce fruit drop, crack fruit, increase fruit, increase sugar color, early maturing.
5-3 moorings and low-paying land in orchards can be used as antifreeze, with white trunks and white shoots. In case of frost in the spring, it can be prevented by the combination of watering smoke and smoke to reduce the freezing injury.
5-4 The red light leaves have been shown to have viral symptoms with few results, malformations, or even inconsequences. This type of tree can be replaced in high numbers in spring, and high-yield varieties such as Pioneer and Rabins can be selected for high-risk species.
The 5-5 modified spindle must use two-year-old strong seedlings, set dry or carved buds to increase the amount of branches.
5-6 Roots were treated with the “magic square†series of products for root cancer prevention. Resolutely not planting seedlings that already have root cancer.山 ? 〉 乜 ∮ 档 档 档 档 档 档 接 接 接
We can do Popular Hologram 3D Led Fan Display In Air
Advertising LED Display, Digital Advertising Display,Hologram Display
Hebei Tomato Industry Co., Ltd. , https://www.hebeitomato.com