In most parts of China, the solar greenhouse is in an empty state in the middle and late June, and it is only in the first ten days of September that the seedlings are planted and planted with sorghum vegetables. During the period of 70 to 80 days of free time, it is completely possible to use the anti-season planting method. Chinese cabbage is cultivated in summer. It can be directly sown in the middle and late June, and the whole growth period is 45-55 days. It is harvested in August and mid-August. If the method of seedling transplanting is adopted, the time for drawing the vegetables of the former sorghum is delayed by 15 days, and the growth and harvest of the Chinese cabbage is not affected.
First, choose heat-resistant, excellent varieties
In the summer cultivation of Chinese cabbage, we should first choose excellent varieties that are resistant to disease, heat, drought and early maturity. At present, I am developing and promoting the excellent new varieties of Chinese cabbage cultivation in Tianxia Xiabai No.1 and No.2. From its biological properties and disease resistance, it is obviously superior to the Japanese Xiayang variety. Under normal circumstances, it is easy to form a ball, and it is not easy to cause "cracking", which is suitable for growing in a relatively high temperature and drought environment.
Second, the application of basic fertilizer, fine land preparation
Immediately after the hoe is pulled, the water is poured to create a good lyric for direct sowing or seedling transplanting. Generally, the decomposed chicken manure 5m3, the diammonium phosphate 50kg, the potassium sulfate 25kg or the grass ash 100kg are uniformly applied per 667 m2. Then turn 25cm deep and level the ground. The north-south ridge is 15cm high and 30cm wide, and the ridge distance is 50-55cm.
Third, sowing
The live broadcast method is when the sensation is good, in the small high ridge, the plant spacing is 45cm, digging 5cm deep, and using a spoon to water the amount. After the water seepage, 3 to 4 seeds are evenly spotted in the hole, and then covered with 1cm thick. The fine soil was sifted, and then weeded with a solution of 30% of the 30% applied emulsifiable concentrate and 50 kg of water to prevent weeds. After 3 to 5 days of sowing, the seedlings can be emerged. After that, the amount of water in the ditch should be poured in the ditch. It is beneficial to the seedlings and seedlings. Under drought conditions, insects such as ants, thrips and cockroaches are prone to bite. phenomenon. In the "breaking period" of Chinese cabbage seedlings and 2 to 3 true leaf stages, each time, the seedlings were planted once, and 5 to 6 true leaves were fixed in time, and 3,500 to 4,000 strong seedlings were left per 667 m2.
Fourth, nutrition, seedling transplanting
The method of direct seeding or simple seedling transplanting in the summer cultivation of Chinese cabbage is simple and easy, but it takes up about 15 days for the growth time of the upper sorghum vegetables, and it is difficult to grasp the ideal seedlings required. The high temperature and drought in summer or the high temperature and rainy environmental conditions are very unfavorable for cultivating strong seedlings. Cultivating strong seedlings is the key to high yield. Therefore, technical measures should be taken as far as possible to ensure the seedlings and seedlings in the small arch shed.
1. Preparation of nursery beds
In the 667m2 solar greenhouse, there are two nursery beds with a width of 1m and a length of 15m, with a total area of ​​about 30m2. The seedbed is suitable for the north-south direction, the light conditions are uniform and the seedlings grow consistently.
2. Preparation of tube soil
The nutrient soil preparation is generally based on 6 parts of decomposed garden soil and 4 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer. Each m3 nutrient soil is further added with 1kg of diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, fully mixed and sieved. If chicken manure is used, it must be fully decomposed and prepared by adding 1 part of chicken manure to the proportion of 9 parts of decomposed garden soil, and mix well, otherwise it is easy to burn roots and wounds.
3, nutrition soil decoration
Use 8cm×8cm or 10cm×10cm plastic nutrition 钵 (new newspaper can also be used), put the prepared nutritious soil to most of the glutinous rice (soil to 钵 along 1cm), watering, and then placed in the seedbed, Approximately 4,000 ticks per 667 m2 of cultivation area.
4, sowing should be fine
Before sowing, use the iron watering can with the nozzle to pour the well water filled with soil in the seedbed twice, soak it, and then sow it after the water has basically been infiltrated. The seeds were first soaked and germinated, and 2 to 3 seeds were evenly sown each time, and then covered with a sieved fine soil of about 1 cm thick.
5, nursery bed management
The focus of summer cabbage seedling bed management is sunshade cooling, moisturizing and drought prevention, pest control and disease prevention.
(1) Small arch shed seedlings to avoid viral diseases caused by glare, high temperature and drought, and also provide excellent environmental conditions for Miaoquan and Miaozhuang. Immediately after sowing, a small arch shed should be built on the seedbed, covered with a layer of shading net, and then covered. A layer of rainproof old shed film, then use a rope to fix the small shed.
(2) When ventilation and rainproof are sunny, the sides of the small arch shed film must be raised to a height of 25cm or more to facilitate ventilation and cooling. When raining, the shed film should also be placed and pressed tightly to prevent rain and film breakage. Cover the shade net to avoid pests.
(3) After the emergence of pest control, every day before 5 pm, use a sprayer to spray well water once to keep the bed moist, which can reduce the ground temperature and prevent viral diseases. Use 1.8% Ai Fuding 2000 times liquid for 5 to 7 days to spray once, and even spray 3 times, which can effectively prevent ants, aphids, white (tobacco) white mites, thrips, and spotted spots that are mainly harmful to young leaves. Fly, red spider, sassafras and other pests; use phoxim emulsifiable concentrate to mix the fried wheat bran with 50 times to make poison bait, evenly spread in the bed and even outside in the evening, once every 3 to 5 days, It can effectively control a variety of underground pests such as cockroaches, tigers, and cockroaches.
(4) Miao and Ding Miao were planted in the "breaking period" of Chinese cabbage seedlings and 2 to 3 true leaves, and 5 to 6 true leaves were fixed, and 3,500 to 4,000 strong seedlings were left per 667 m2.
6, colonization
The application of base fertilizer, soil preparation, hoeing and plant spacing are the same as the live broadcast. Generally, a hole of about 10 cm deep is dug in the center of the back of the ridge, and the soil is first planted with the soil, and then watered by a single hole. After the water has been infiltrated, the soil is covered. After transplanting for 3 to 5 days, the seedling water should be poured in the ditch, which is beneficial to lowering the soil temperature and promoting the robust growth of the seedlings.
Five, fertilizer and water attack, one promotes the end
The growth period of Chinese cabbage cultivation is only 45-55 days. The plants have no long-term worry. They do not need seedlings. They should pay attention to the attack of fertilizer and water and promote the rapid growth of plants. 5 to 7 days after the seedlings should be applied with 20 to 25 kg of urea per 667 m2 of water. The rosette leaves are in the most prosperous summer, not only need a lot of water but also have a higher amount of transpiration at high temperatures, so it is necessary to pour the well water every 3 to 5 days to moisturize, cool down, and promote growth. Multiple effects. In the early stage of the growth of Chinese cabbage into the ball, 20 to 25 kg of urea is applied with water every 667 m2. If the fully decomposed human excrement is used to replace the urea, it is more conducive to improving the quality of Chinese cabbage. Because the quick effect of human excrement is slightly worse, it is suitable to apply in advance with the seedling stage and the rosette period, every time 667 The amount of m2 is 50 to 100 kg.
6. Control pests and diseases, increase production and increase production
The high yield of Chinese cabbage cultivation in summer is also dependent on the effective control of major pests and diseases. The cultivation conditions in protected areas are effective agricultural and ecological control measures. Combined with high-efficiency and pollution-free chemical control technologies, effective control of major pests and diseases will be more effective.
The main disease of Chinese cabbage is lighter in the summer cultivation of the protected area. Due to the small temperature difference between day and night, the condensation is rare, and downy mildew is generally not serious. Preventing the damage can be sprayed 1000 times in the rosette period. Toxic mold; Chinese cabbage seedlings are not susceptible to viral diseases after being covered by shed film, and virus disease is less likely to occur in the growth stage of rosette leaves. The agent can be sprayed with virus A500 times for 5 to 7 days after the seedlings to be evenly sprayed; Membrane protects Chinese cabbage from rain and rot, and soft rot occurs less. The drug prevention can select 1 million units of agricultural streptomycin 5000 times solution. When the Chinese cabbage grows into the beginning of the ball, the root of the rhizome is evenly filled. Once the root is used, it is most convenient to use a sprayer without a spray.
The main pests of Chinese cabbage are also lighter in the summer cultivation of protected areas, mainly due to insect nets. However, the rain protection measures in the protected area also protect the pests such as aphids, whitefly, and Liriomyza sativae. Therefore, the chemical control must be carried out in time. Generally, 1.8% of Aifuding (Insects) 2000 times liquid or other plant sources are used. The agent can be sprayed once uniformly for 5 to 7 days, and it can be continuously carried out 3 to 5 times. The growth period of cultivated Chinese cabbage in summer is very short, and the number of days from spraying to harvesting is often too small, so only high-efficiency, pollution-free biocides can be used.
Seven, timely harvest
The growth and development time of Chinese cabbage cultivated in summer is very short, and its leaf ball is often broken due to over-mature, late harvesting or growth of axillary buds, and loses the value of the commodity. It can be harvested many times earlier and has reached the maturity stage of the commodity. The leaf ball supplies the urban and rural consumer market as soon as possible.
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