Jinhuacha is the collective name of the Camellia sinensis group of Camellia sinensis. It is the same genus as Camellia, Camellia oleifera and Chamomile. It is used to make scented tea and has high economic value. At present, the main methods of grafting Jinhua tea are bud seedling anvil, splicing, splicing, and docking. Different grafting methods have some shortcomings. Therefore, today Xiaobian talks about the innovative grafting method of Jinhuacha. The cultivation method of grafting golden tea.
1. Cultivation of rootstocks
a, squatting choice: choose convenient transportation, loose soil, fertile, well irrigation, slightly acidic loam or sandy loam;
b. Seedbed finishing: flattening the nursery plots, forming a deep 15cm drainage ditch between the rafts; constructing a 2.5m high shade shed on the seedlings;
c. Selection of rootstock seeds: selecting Gaozhou Camellia seeds with large, full, no mold and no pests as rootstock seeds;
d. Seed treatment: soak the seeds with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for five minutes, then pick them up with water and ventilate them for use.
e. Seed germination: The dried seeds are laid flat on the sand pool, and the surface is covered with 5cm thick sand. After the water is drenched, the film is covered, and the seeds are germinated when the germinated radicle is as long as 1cm;
f, sowing: seedling bed opening depth of 8cm planting ditch planting, planting ditch line spacing 30cm, planting ditch plant spacing is 18cm. When planting, the seed radicle is downward, and after sowing, cover 3cm of soil and pour enough water;
g, seedling management: After the seedlings enter the leaf-expanding stage, 0.1% compound fertilizer is applied once a month. In the tender growth period, 10% imidacloprid diluted 4000 times solution + 2% avermectin diluted 1000 times every 15 days, and then mixed and sprayed. When the oil tea grows to a height of 80cm and a dry diameter of 1cm, it can be used as a rootstock for grafting.
2. Cultivation of grafted mother trees
a. Construction of picking shovel: select land with moderate terrain, loose soil, fertile soil, slightly acidic loam or sandy loam, with a spacing of 3m×3m, and dig the planting pit. The ratio of deep soil to farmyard manure is 2:1 is mixed and ready for use; a shading net with a shading degree of 70% to 85% is built above the picking hoe;
b. Planting mother trees: The golden tea plants with good growth, no pests and diseases, and pure varieties are selected as the golden flower tea tree for providing scions; in the September-November of each year, the soil balls are loaded vertically into the planting pits, and then the soil is poured. Root water
c. Mother tree management: After transplanting for one month, the monthly concentration of 0.1% compound fertilizer aqueous solution is applied twice; after harvesting, loose soil and weeding are applied, 0.5kg organic fertilizer and 0.5kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied per mu, Spray growth hormone once.
3. Grafting
a. Rootstock treatment: select the rootstock with good growth and no pests and diseases, keep the trunk and a small number of branches and leaves at the top, and cut off the other side branches, and wipe the trunk parts with a clean towel;
b. Scion collection and treatment: select branches located in the middle and upper part of the canopy for half a year to one year, with strong branches, full bud eyes, moderate internode length and no semi-lignification of pests and diseases, soaked in 25% carbendazim WP 1000 times Soak in the liquid for 3 minutes to disinfect, then pick up and wash with water, ventilate and use.
4. Management after grafting
a. Moisture management: watering should be scientifically and reasonably watered after grafting, and the water should be divided into many roots;
b. Uncovering the film: When the scion begins to germinate, gently pick a hole with a toothpick to allow the young shoot to stretch smoothly;
c. Untie: After the sprout is sprouted and the graft interface is healed, the graft film can be released;
d, truncation: After the sprouting sprouts sprouted three new leaves, the top leaves of the rootstock were cut off with a branch shear.
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