How to cultivate giant pumpkins? Some time ago, the news about the giant pumpkin was still on the hot search. I don’t know if you have seen it. This giant pumpkin has become a major project for sightseeing parks and interesting cultivation. If you are interested, you can learn about its cultivation techniques first.
1 seedling
1.1 Sowing date selection
In Hebei, Henan, Beijing and other northern provinces, the best nursery time is in early December, the growth period is from December to June, and the best time for breeding in southern provinces such as Guangxi, Guangdong and Guizhou is mid-to-late September. It is from September to April.
1.2 warming hot stamping
The purpose of warming and scalding is to sterilize and soften the seed coat, which is good for sucking up. The specific method is: 1 according to the seed size and size, choose the soaking container, such as beaker, paper cup, small bowl, small pot, etc.; 2 take water, generally 2 cups of boiling water, 1 cup of cold water, that is, the volume ratio is boiling water: cool water = 2: 1, mixed feeling water temperature is slightly hot, the temperature is 55 ~ 60 °C; 3 screening seeds full of seeds, remove impurities, after shell breaking treatment, dip into the addition of hot water (hot water volume is more than 3 times the seed volume is appropriate) In the container, stir constantly, stop stirring after 3 min, and let stand for 30 min.
1.3 soaking seeds
The seeds after warming and scalding are gently washed and then replaced with fresh water. The amount of water is preferably more than three times the volume of the seed, and the temperature is 26 to 28 °C.
1.4 germination
After standing for 8 hours, take it out and wrap it in gauze. Then rinse with water and place it on the leaking plate covered with moist gauze. The seed thickness is less than 0.3 cm. At the same time, the gauze is kept moist and the upper part of the seed is covered with moist gauze. Finally placed in the germination box, the temperature is adjusted to 26 ~ 28 ° C, gently scrub once a day until the seeds are white. Seeds can be taken out when the whiteness is more than 60%.
1.5 sowing
Use 32-hole tray or 12 cm × 12 cm nutrient seedlings to fill the tray or nutrient bowl, mix the substrate, compact and water. The seeds of the white buds are sown first, and then the unexposed parts are concentrated. The sowing depth is 1.5 to 2.0 cm. Under normal weather conditions, it can cover the mixed matrix, and it can also cover the vermiculite. Under abnormal weather conditions, the covering soil is made of perlite, which is good for ventilation. In normal weather, in order to keep warm and moisturize, cover the mulch; no cover is added under high temperature season and abnormal weather conditions.
1.6 seedling regulation
Before emergence, the temperature during the daytime is 25-28 °C, and the nighttime temperature is 15-20 °C. After emergence, the daytime temperature is 25-28 °C, and the nighttime temperature is 15-18 °C. Pay attention to cooling (wet curtain fan) in summer and heating (geothermal line) in winter.
1.7 seedling management
When watering, see dry and wet, keep the substrate below 2.0 cm in a wet state, pay attention to ventilation to reduce air humidity. When one leaf is one heart, it begins to transfer to 18 cm × 18 cm of nutrient meal.
2 colonization
2.1 planting environment
It is required to have a facility environment with heat preservation and cooling equipment. In the northern region, more choices are to choose a solar greenhouse or a continuous arch shed. The soil is preferably loamy soil.
2.2 Preparation before planting
5 to 10 days before planting, 667 m 2 of fertilized organic fertilizer (soiled chicken manure) 1 000 kg, organic and inorganic compound fertilizer 100 kg and soybean meal organic fertilizer 50 kg. Open the planting ditch, 1.0 m wide and 0.8 m deep, and open a planting ditch every 6.0. The waste is backfilled and watered with waste mushroom residue or decomposed organic fertilizer (coconut or grass charcoal mixed uniformly according to a volume ratio of 2:3). The whole depth is more than 20.0 cm.
2.3 Planting density
The planting distance of the planting plant was 4.0 m, the row spacing was 6.0 m, and 667 m 2 planted 25-30 plants.
2.4 to 钵定æ¤
The seedlings with strong growth of the three leaves and one heart are planted in the center of the planting ditch. Based on the principle of “not burying the heart, not revealing the rootsâ€, the planting should be carried out as soon as possible after planting. After planting the seedlings, the thin nitrogen fertilizer was chased with water to promote the rapid growth of the plants, and the topdressing concentration was 5‰. After each dressing and watering, the soil should be loosened in time to avoid the situation that the ventilation is not smooth.
3 daily management
3.1 lead vine pressure
When the vine grows to 30.0 cm, the vine is started. After every 80.0 cm, the vine is introduced once. The soil is 3.0~5.0 cm with the shovel shovel, and pressed to the stem between the two leaves to promote the stems of the two leaves. The base is rooted down to increase the amount of roots.
3.2 Pruning
Giant pumpkin planting adopts single-stalk pruning and leaves the main vine; all side vines are left with 6 to 8 leaves, and once they are pressed, they go to the top to pick the heart; the lateral vines are the side vines, that is, the sun vines still leave 6 to 8 leaves, and the pressure After one time, go to the top to pick the heart, and so on; for the plants that grow too prosperous or long, properly remove some of the side branches and weak branches early, and appropriately leaf the leaves, which is beneficial to prevent the plants from growing and improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the plants. .
3.3 stay melon
The main vine is used to remove the first female flower and the tendril before the flower. The young female flower of the second female flower and the third female flower grows to the size of the tennis ball, and the largest melon is selected, and the other is removed in time. The main vine is 45 to 60 leaves in the middle. Place the melons flat, slightly padded, and leave lm 2 space.
3.4 Artificial pollination
The fruit of the pumpkin is developed from the torus and ovary. Generally, pumpkin flowers are open in the early hours of the morning, and pollination is best from 04:00 to 06:00. Therefore, artificial pollination should be carried out before 08:00 on sunny days, that is, the sooner the better, you can pick a few open and vigorous male flowers, gently brush the pollen into a dry small dish with a fluffy brush, and then mix and mix The pollen is gently spread on the stigma of the open female flower. After pollination, the melon leaves are removed and covered, so that the rain does not invade, so as to improve the pollination effect. The pollen of a male flower can continuously give two or three female flowers. The use of mixed pollen pollination is conducive to improving the fruit setting rate and fruit quality. It should be noted that when the pollen vigor is weak under abnormal weather, the chlorpyrifos solution is applied to the female melon tire which is being opened, which can prevent the fruit stem from falling off and improve the result rate.
3.5 Water and fertilizer management
The fermented decomposed cake fertilizer (diluted 200 times) supernatant was applied to the top dressing, and the cake fertilizer supernatant was applied once per vine, and the roots of the plant were 30.0 cm away from the outer hole. At the same time, 7 days after planting, urea or compound fertilizer was applied with water or cave application (10.0 cm away from the roots of the plant and spread as much as possible), and applied once every 7 days (disappeared with the cake fertilizer).
4 Pest Management
In order to prevent the main, comprehensive prevention, mainly to guard against powdery mildew, viral diseases, thrips, whitefly and other pests and diseases. After emergence, spray carbendazim to prevent fungal diseases such as blight and stagnation, and spray the mildew and hydrochloride when it is sick. Powdery mildew is susceptible to disease during planting. Triazolone, ether oxystrobin, difenoconazole, etc. have good control effect; when the temperature is higher than 30 °C, spray morpholinium acetate, copper acetate, dimethomorph, amino oligosaccharide, lentinin once for 7 days. Beware of viral diseases.
The above is the whole content of the giant pumpkin cultivation points. Friends who are interested in the giant pumpkin planting project can first check the actual situation and then consider their own economic conditions!
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