Nowadays, Apple has entered a harvest season. Beijing Changping’s apple experienced two generations of forestry people to overcome the technical problems of dwarfing and dense planting of fruit trees, and cultivated dwarfing anvils with moderately sweet and sour taste. Changping apples were eventually recognized and loved by consumers. Please pay attention--
It is another harvest season and it is time for apple fragrance.
As a healthy and gentle fruit, apple has always been popular with people. With the changes of the times and the development of science and technology, Apple has also experienced a process ranging from small to large, from sour to sweet, and then to moderately sweet and sour. During this period, Apple has devoted its wisdom and sweat to garden researchers. Until now, what kind of apple is considered a good apple? How does a good apple grow?
From October 20 to November 30, Beijing’s Changping District ushered in the 9th Apple Culture Festival. 34,000 acres and 25 million kilograms of red and big organic apples will be accepted by consumers. Changping Apple, in the industrial development to bring consumers delicious, but also promote the continuous development of Changping economy, has become a beautiful urban modern agricultural development achievement of beautiful cards.
Green pollution-free is the first
It is understood that "green pollution-free" is a major feature of Changping Apple, Changping Apple in Beijing took the lead in achieving "zero agricultural residue." At the opening ceremony of the Apple Cultural Festival, the researcher Wang Baogang, deputy director of the Fruit Quality and Nursery Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, announced the results of a comprehensive inspection of the internal quality of Changping Apple by the national authorities. "The samples tested reached 99% of the green standard, reaching 100% of the pollution-free standard."
The "zero farmers" of fruits and vegetables has always been the expectation of consumers. How did Changping Apple do it?
“Changping’s apple cultivation uses bio-based pesticides. The pesticides used by farmers are all purchased from regular pesticide sales points.†Liu Huiping, deputy director of the Changping District Landscaping Bureau, said that Changping has established a series of apple quality and safety standards. The security system can be eaten by picking it up.
It is understood that the status of agricultural soils in China is in urgent need of improvement. If the beneficial bacteria in the soil are reasonable, no pests and diseases will occur. “But the improvement of the soil cannot be separated from the support of government policies and funds. Changping District Government has provided more than 10 million yuan to improve the orchard soil of peasants, and at the same time give the farmers a certain amount of organic fertilizer subsidies.†Su Weidong, Deputy Director of Changping District, introduced, "Changping apples are bagged throughout the entire growth process. Even biological pesticides will not directly hit apples."
In addition to the “zero farmersâ€, Changping Apple, which grew up drinking “mineral water,†is also rich in various minerals. According to the detection results of the Beijing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the deep water below 200 meters on the surface of irrigated fruit trees in Changping County is rich in zinc, strontium, selenium, metasilicate, and other minerals.
Naturally added organic
“80% of Changping apples are planted in the 'mountain warm belt.'†said Liu Huiping, deputy director of the Changping District Landscaping Bureau.
The "mountain warm belt" is a narrow semi-mountainous area and a half plain formed by the Yanshan Mountains in the north and the Jingmi diversion canal in the south. From south to north, the altitude is from 50 meters to 120 meters, forming a gentle slope with a flat drop of 70 degrees. In this natural gentle slope, the air flows faster, the heat gathers more quickly, the temperature difference is large, and the apple that is grown is sweeter.
In addition to geographical advantages, "regardless of cost" investment is also an important factor.
"Another important reason for fruit flavor is the use of fertilizers, but it is not chemical fertilizers but organic fertilizers," Liu Huiping said.
It is understood that soil organic matter content is an important factor affecting the taste of apples. “After applying chemical fertilizers for a large part for 20 or 30 years, bacteria, cockroaches, etc. have disappeared, and the soil has little fertility.†Liu Huiping, who had worked as an apple cultivation technician for many years, said that because there are no bacteria, cockroaches and other animals to decompose organic matter and accelerate Its mineralization results in the lack of essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron, zinc and calcium. “In the short term, the application of chemical fertilizers can supplement these nutrients in a timely manner, but in the long term, due to the imbalance of the relevant substances contained in fertilizers, it will lead to malnutrition of fruit trees. When apples enter the fast growing period, we will timely apply them. The special organic nutrient solution will not let the fruit tree 'starve'. In addition, we have introduced a biological agent that can speed up the fermentation of farmyard manure."
Standard management improves quality and efficiency
In recent years, farmers in Changping have been promoting large-scale cultivation of dwarfing anvils on a large scale. This technology has been popularized in some developed countries, but in China, this technology can be successfully applied to apple cultivation, and in fruit farmers. For large-scale promotion, Changping is the first one.
Into the apple orchard of fruit farmer Wang Quanxiang of Taolin Village, Xingshou Town, Changping County, the reporter saw that the short apple tree was covered with a red apple. "The apple produced by this small tree is not only delicious but also highly productive," said Wang Quanxiang. "When the tree grows to a certain time, it can produce 8000 jin per mu." This is more than twice the current average yield per mu in Changping. Can these "dwarf trees" have such great ability?
It is understood that the core technology of dwarf dense planting lies in the selection of "dwarfed anvils" in fruit trees. The Changping Forestry Department has not been successful in the dwarfing of apple trees since the 1970s. Until the 1990s, regional comparisons of more than 30 rootstocks such as the M line, P line, SH line, and S line have been conducted. After more than ten years of hard testing, the experiment finally screened SH6 interstocks that were suitable for Changping's soil, weather conditions and shape stability, and opened the door to the dwarf planting of fruit trees.
Liu Huiping stated that in the future, Changping’s addition of an apple orchard, or the replacement of an aging apple tree, will adopt a dwarf and dense planting mode. Government departments have subsidized the orchard’s infrastructure investment and organized a technical service team to guide farmers throughout the process.
In addition, in order to enhance the core competitiveness of the brand, the apple industry has truly embarked on the development path of “standard management, quality improvement and efficiency improvement.†Changping’s fruit tree technicians summarized and refined the standardized cultivation techniques in chronological order. Specifically, each month, the "Anniversary Cultivation Management Work Calendar for Apple" and the "Pest Management Calendar" are created and distributed to the hands of fruit growers to conduct professional management according to standards. Promote fine pruning, through the pollination machine and artificial point method, extensive implementation of flower pollination, improve fruit shape rate. In order to improve the external and internal qualities of the fruit, each apple tree undergoes winter pruning, pre-flowering, 1-2 fertilization, 2-3 sprays, 4-5 waterings, 6-8 times a year. Disease and Insect Pest Control; Every Fuji apple from Changping to the process of picking must strictly follow procedures, including sparse flowering, pollination, bagging, bag extraction, fruit transfer, leaf picking, film coating, etc. The apple touched at least 10 times, and it was gold."
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