Soilless culture can avoid soil-infected pests and diseases and continuous cropping obstacles. Compared with soil cultivation, it has the characteristics of reducing pesticide dosage, improving crop yield and quality, saving fertilizer, saving labor and water, and is not restricted by land fertility. In this paper, cucumbers were planted in the purple hat evergreen experimental garden without soil cultivation, and their cultivation techniques and their traits were explored.
1. Soilless cultivation techniques for cucumber 1. Installation of supporting facilities and cultivation systems (1) Supporting facilities. 1 greenhouse plastic greenhouse (specification 35 meters 4 meters 6 meters), an area of ​​210 square meters, pay attention to the medium, small shed, water arch shed and other facilities are not recommended, for the protection of facilities, special requirements are highly appropriate, so that the environment has a certain Regulatory ability. 2Sufficient water source, using tap water to automatically supply water to the fertilizer system. (2) Cultivation system. 1 cultivation trough: using bag culture method, generally each bag is 25-30 cm in diameter and 40-45 cm in height. About 600 bags can be placed in each shed. 2 irrigation system. One drip irrigation belt is installed in each tank, and other water supply and fertilizer management roads can be used for plastic water pipes, and automatic water supply and fertilizer regulation systems are adopted. (3) Cultivation substrate. A mixed matrix prepared mainly from wood chips or charcoal: slag = 4:6, peat: perlite = 1:1. The fertilizer ratio is ammonium sulfate: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: potassium sulfate = 10:7:7, but it should be noted that this ratio should be flexibly applied according to the difference of fertilizers used in various places, and it is not allowed to move hard sleeves for the best effect. (4) Variety selection. Cucumber, "Zhongnong 5" cucumber. 2, greenhouse cultivation management techniques (1) greenhouse cucumber mouthwash arrangement. There are generally three methods of early spring cultivation, winter hoe cultivation and long-term cultivation. Long-term cultivation is used here. (2) Nursery. Due to the superior weather conditions in the city, the use of greenhouse greenhouse seedlings is generally not subject to time constraints. The method of seedling is to use seedlings to raise seedlings. The substrate is firstly permeable to water, and the seeds after germination are played, covered with a layer of vermiculite and then covered with a film to keep warm. Keep 25-30 °C during the day and 15-20 °C during the night. The higher moisture air and matrix temperature are conducive to the formation of female flowers, so do not over-control the water and fertilizer, and keep the irrigation period moist. Sunshine is generally better at 8-10 hours. Pay attention to strengthening nitrogen, nutrition and supply. 0.1% urea foliar application can be carried out 1-2 times to promote female flower differentiation, carbon dioxide fertilization technology can also be applied, or ethylene can promote female flower differentiation and increase the number of female flowers. When more than 50% of the seedlings are arched, the film is removed in time and entered into the seedling stage management. The whole seedling period is about 25-30 days. (3) transplanting and planting. Cucumber seedlings can be transplanted and planted in general with 3-4 leaves. Planting is one for each cultivation bag, divided into 6 rows, and each shed can be planted in about 600 cultivation bags. After planting, the planting water should be poured once, about 3 to 5 days, and the normal production management stage should be carried out after the seedlings are slowed down. (4) Field management. 1 Environmental control and regulation. Due to the abundant temperature and light conditions in our city, the temperature difference between day and night is small, and it is easier to grasp in environmental regulation. Generally, in spring and autumn, there is no need for manual adjustment. The greenhouse can cover the insect net. When the temperature is lower than 25 °C and the night is lower than 13-15 °C, it can be covered with plastic film. Cover the grass felt, cover the shade net when the summer is hot, or use spray to cool down, etc., try to keep the temperature below 30 °C, and control the temperature difference between day and night above 10 °C. 2 water and fertilizer management. When using the drip irrigation system, the cucumbers that have been planted with the seedlings are planted with 400-500 ml per plant per day, and the amount is gradually increased as the plants grow. In the period of the melon, due to the strong growth of cucumber, the amount of melon is large, and each plant needs to be poured 2000-2500 ml per day, and the maximum concentration can be poured from 1.20 to 1.50 times. After the weather turns hot, the melon period has passed, and the concentration should be gradually reduced to half the amount, but the amount can not be reduced. The pH of the nutrient solution is preferably 5.60-6.20. (5) Plant adjustment. After the cucumber seedlings are planted, the seedlings are quickly planted, so it is necessary to prepare the hanging vine material. Generally, the nylon thread is used as the hanging wire, and the double hook-shaped sling rack which can be wound around the sling is hooked on the thick iron pipe in the upper part of the greenhouse, and the nylon thread is one end. Wrap around the sling rack and wind the other end at the base of the plant. When the plant grows to a certain height (about 2 meters), the excess rope can be gradually lowered, or the base can be placed in the steel near the ground. On the shelf. For the main vine-based cultivars, the vines and tendrils below 10 knots can be removed in time. Pan vines should be carried out on a sunny day to avoid folding the main vines. The main vine grows to the upper part of the thick iron tube and should be topped to promote the long melon and the long side vine. (6) Harvesting. Usually harvested once every 2-3 days. It enters the fruiting period every other day, even every day. The melon should be carried out in the afternoon. At this time, the melon is fresh, the water is sufficient, and the quality is good.
Second, the performance of cucumber and its economic benefits After the soilless cultivation of cucumber, its traits mainly manifested in the following aspects: 1, the shape of the melon is straight and large, beautiful color. Generally, each piece can reach 1.50 kilograms per weight. 2, rich in nutrition, good quality, good taste. The content of soluble solids and sugar in vitamin C was tested to a large extent. 3, no pollution, can reach the green food standard. Soilless culture better solves the problem of serious pollution caused by the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The problem of exceeding the standard of harmful substances in human body is nutritional and safe. After preliminary calculation by the provincial green food center, Zi Mao Evergreen Park Cucumber produced by soilless culture can reach the A-level green food standard. 4. The yield is greatly improved. The ratio of the yield per mu of cucumber to the conventional yield is about 5:1. It can reach about 100,000 kilograms per mu per year.
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