Guangdong Province is located in the subtropical area and has a long coastline. Especially in the east and west wing areas and Shenzhen Daya Bay, it has unique conditions for the development of marine aquaculture, especially shrimp culture such as shrimp. The shrimp aquaculture industry in our province began to develop from the 1980s and entered the 1990s. It has developed even more rapidly and has played a significant role in promoting the aquaculture industry in our province. Since the outbreak of the shrimp virus in 1999, it has dampened the enthusiasm of the majority of shrimp farmers. Through exploration in recent years, fishery scientists and technicians have tentatively figured out a set of healthy and ecological breeding techniques for shrimp, which are popularized and applied in production. Now these technologies are introduced as follows:
I. Construction of shrimp ponds and retrofitting of old shrimp ponds
1. Construction of Shrimp Ponds: In small bays where tides are low and where the tides are gentle, shrimp ponds can be built in low tide areas so that tidal drains can be used as much as possible to save energy; shrimps should be used in sea areas with large waves and steep currents. The pool was built higher. The pool should be built according to local conditions. It can contain and dig. In order to withstand the erosion of typhoon, the breakwater embankment dam is more than 1 meter above the highest tide in the past, the crest width is 3 to 6 meters, and the sea surface slope is 1:3 to 5, and the stone slope is protected with a slope of 1 in the inner slope. : 2 ~ 3, do a good job greening, planting trees and grass. The newly-created shrimp ponds should be conducive to agglomeration and elimination of organic matter (residues, faeces, etc.), be conducive to drainage and water quality management, and be beneficial to shrimp harvesting and other aquaculture management. The area of ​​the shrimp pond is 8 to 15 mu. The shape is rectangular, square and round. The first two kinds of four corners are preferably rounded to facilitate the circulation of the pool water. The water depth is 1.5 to 2 meters, and the bottom of the pool is 0.2% to 0.3. The ratio of % falls to the drain gate or the center of the shrimp pond (the shrimp outlet is located in the shrimp pond in the center of the pond). The top of the pool embankment is 2 to 3 meters wide, and the embankment top is 0.5 meters above the water level. The slope of the pool embankment is 1:2 to 2.5, which should not be too steep. Before the seawater enters the aquaculture ponds, it must be filtered and disinfected. It should be equipped with a storage tank for the disinfection of seawater and freshwater and the regulation of salinity. The volume of the seawater should preferably be 1/3 of the total aquaculture water, preferably divided into 2 One for rounds. Conditioned shrimp farms build stone water treatment ponds so that the wastewater discharged from shrimp ponds can be precipitated and purified in the water treatment pond before being discharged into the sea to avoid polluting the sea environment. The access and drainage channels of shrimp farms must be independent systems. The intake and drainage should be as far away as possible and not mixed so as to prevent disease and reduce the self-pollution of shrimp ponds. One type of intake and drainage is to construct the intake and drain gates at both ends of the shrimp pond. The other is to build the drain outlet in the center of the pool. Organic matter gathered in the middle of the pond is discharged through the central sewage outlet.
2. Transformation of the old shrimp pond: Most shrimp rearing ponds in the coastal areas of our province were built in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The standards for the construction of the shrimp ponds were low, the area was generally too large, the pool water was too shallow, and the water intake and drainage systems were not matched. The lack of reservoirs and water treatment ponds, together with the use of ponds for many years, the accumulation of shrimp ponds, outdated facilities, and even the basic equipment such as aerators are not configured, and stay in the extensive and extensive state of relying on food for the days, therefore, must be transformed . The key points for the transformation of the shrimp ponds are: large and small, shallow deep, separated inlet and outlet water, and reservoirs and aerators.
I. Construction of shrimp ponds and retrofitting of old shrimp ponds
1. Construction of Shrimp Ponds: In small bays where tides are low and where the tides are gentle, shrimp ponds can be built in low tide areas so that tidal drains can be used as much as possible to save energy; shrimps should be used in sea areas with large waves and steep currents. The pool was built higher. The pool should be built according to local conditions. It can contain and dig. In order to withstand the erosion of typhoon, the breakwater embankment dam is more than 1 meter above the highest tide in the past, the crest width is 3 to 6 meters, and the sea surface slope is 1:3 to 5, and the stone slope is protected with a slope of 1 in the inner slope. : 2 ~ 3, do a good job greening, planting trees and grass. The newly-created shrimp ponds should be conducive to agglomeration and elimination of organic matter (residues, faeces, etc.), be conducive to drainage and water quality management, and be beneficial to shrimp harvesting and other aquaculture management. The area of ​​the shrimp pond is 8 to 15 mu. The shape is rectangular, square and round. The first two kinds of four corners are preferably rounded to facilitate the circulation of the pool water. The water depth is 1.5 to 2 meters, and the bottom of the pool is 0.2% to 0.3. The ratio of % falls to the drain gate or the center of the shrimp pond (the shrimp outlet is located in the shrimp pond in the center of the pond). The top of the pool embankment is 2 to 3 meters wide, and the embankment top is 0.5 meters above the water level. The slope of the pool embankment is 1:2 to 2.5, which should not be too steep. Before the seawater enters the aquaculture ponds, it must be filtered and disinfected. It should be equipped with a storage tank for the disinfection of seawater and freshwater and the regulation of salinity. The volume of the seawater should preferably be 1/3 of the total aquaculture water, preferably divided into 2 One for rounds. Conditioned shrimp farms build stone water treatment ponds so that the wastewater discharged from shrimp ponds can be precipitated and purified in the water treatment pond before being discharged into the sea to avoid polluting the sea environment. The access and drainage channels of shrimp farms must be independent systems. The intake and drainage should be as far away as possible and not mixed so as to prevent disease and reduce the self-pollution of shrimp ponds. One type of intake and drainage is to construct the intake and drain gates at both ends of the shrimp pond. The other is to build the drain outlet in the center of the pool. Organic matter gathered in the middle of the pond is discharged through the central sewage outlet.
2. Transformation of the old shrimp pond: Most shrimp rearing ponds in the coastal areas of our province were built in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The standards for the construction of the shrimp ponds were low, the area was generally too large, the pool water was too shallow, and the water intake and drainage systems were not matched. The lack of reservoirs and water treatment ponds, together with the use of ponds for many years, the accumulation of shrimp ponds, outdated facilities, and even the basic equipment such as aerators are not configured, and stay in the extensive and extensive state of relying on food for the days, therefore, must be transformed . The key points for the transformation of the shrimp ponds are: large and small, shallow deep, separated inlet and outlet water, and reservoirs and aerators.
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