1. In principle, balanced fertilization and fertilization should be applied with sufficient base fertilizer, repeated application of Miaolei fertilizer, and skillful application of leihua fertilizer. The base fertilizer is usually based on decomposed farm manure. Spread 300 kg of decomposed farm manure per mu or 50 kg of rapeseed cake, 40-50 kg of superphosphate; Miaolei fertilizer usually has a plant height of 20-30 cm and a plant of 7-8 It has good topdressing effect on leaves, topdressing 20-25 kg of urea and 7.5-10 kg of potassium chloride per acre; topping urea 5-6. Yield.
2. Irrigation If high temperature and dry weather are encountered during sowing or transplanting, it is necessary to irrigate before direct seeding or transplanting to reduce the soil temperature while increasing the emergence rate or the survival rate of transplanting. Although sunflowers have well-developed root systems and strong water absorption capacity, they need to be irrigated in case of continuous drought in the bud seedling stage. Irrigation is mainly based on furrow irrigation, and the water climbs to the border surface. After irrigation, the water is drained in time to prevent water accumulation in the field and avoid flood irrigation.
3. Weeding in middle tillage Weeding in middle tillage should be carried out 2 to 3 times during the whole growth period. The first weeding should be carried out in combination with fixed seedlings to avoid weeding and injury after the fixed seedlings; the second weeding should be carried out before the closure of the row. At this time, combined with cultivating soil to prevent water evaporation, drainage and fall prevention. . Chemical herbicides suitable for use on sunflower are 8.8% Jingquivalin, 5% Jinghegra, 95% Jinduer, 50% acetochlor, 90% acetochlor, 50% promethazine, 72% For metolachlor, etc., usually 100-120 ml of 50% acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate and 40-50 liters of water sprayed on the soil surface before sowing or transplanting can achieve a good grass control effect.
4. The main pests of scientific pest control sunflower are divided into underground pests and aboveground pests. To control underground pests, use 120 grams of 50% phoxim per acre, add a little water, mix 3 kg of rapeseed cake to make poison bait, and spread it around the seedlings after emergence or transplanting day. The ground pests mainly include sunflower borer, peach borer and cotton bollworm. The sunflower borer and peach borer can be sprayed with 80% dichlorvos aerosol 1 to 2 times at 8 to 10 pm after the sunflower blooms; the cotton bollworm can use 16,000 /Mg of Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder, sprayed on the flower plate 1 or 2 times during sunflower blooming, which has a very good control effect.
5. Adopt bee pollination when assisting pollination and flowering. Place a box of bees every 1.5-6 acres. When the bee source is insufficient, you can choose artificial auxiliary pollination. The flowering period is once every 3-4 days, from 9:00 to 11:00 or Pollination is better from 16:00 to 18:00. Pollination of 2 to 3 times can significantly reduce the percentage of empty shells and increase the seed setting rate.
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