1. Selection and breeding of antibacterial feed crop varieties
Different feed crop varieties have different susceptibility to mold, so breeding antibacterial varieties can significantly reduce the chance of the feed crop being infected by mold. This is also the fundamental approach to anti-mildew, and the application of biological genetic engineering has gradually expanded, making it practical to cultivate resistant varieties.
2. Choose the right planting or harvesting technology
The test results showed that 80%-90% of Aspergillus flavus isolated from peanut can produce toxins, which is much higher than that of Aspergillus flavus isolated from other crops. Therefore, peanuts in the field of continuous planting of peanuts have high contamination rates of aflatoxin and aflatoxin (AF). The broken peanuts are easy to contaminate Aspergillus flavus and are also conducive to toxin production. Technology and appropriate harvesting methods will greatly reduce the contamination of mold and mycotoxins. In addition, pests, gnawing, and grinding should be avoided as much as possible during harvesting, storage, and transportation to avoid damage to the epidermis and husks of corn, peanuts, and other grains; broken kernels should be removed because such grains are often highly contaminated.
3. Strictly control the moisture content of feed and raw materials
The three main conditions that cause mildew in feed are humidity, temperature, and oxygen. If we can control one of these three conditions, we can effectively prevent mildew. Under normal circumstances, controlling the moisture below the safety line is the easiest method, so the crop should be dried quickly after it is harvested, and the drying must be uniform. Water in the paddy should be controlled below 13%, maize below 21.5% and peanut below 8%.
4. Improve storage conditions and inhibit mold growth
Most of the material mildew occurs during the storage process, so the anti-mildew during storage is an important part of feed anti-mildew. ?
4.1 Physical anti-mold method
Mainly control the temperature of the storage environment, closed oxygen storage, controlled atmosphere storage, low temperature ventilation storage and radiation method. According to reports, the threshed wet corn is packed in sacks lined with plastic bags, filled and tied as tightly as possible. Afterwards, because of the respiration of the corn itself, the oxygen in the bags is consumed. Not only is Aspergillus flavus difficult to grow, but also other molds. It can also be suppressed. It is an economically simple and promising method of preventing mold. Domestically, low-temperature ventilation storage method is commonly used and low temperature is combined with mechanical ventilation to achieve a safe moisture content of the feed. It is not only suitable for pellet feed, but also has obvious effect on the application of powder with higher moisture content. With the development of radiation food technology, research and application of radiation treatment feed have also been developed in many countries. ?
4.2 Chemical anti-mildew Add anti-mold agent:
This method is more suitable for the feed industry. As a fungicide for feed, it must not only have the function of inhibiting mildew, but also be harmless to humans and animals, be inexpensive, and be easy to use and reliable. Commonly used as mold inhibitors are propionic acid and its salts, sorbic acid and its salts, sodium diacetate, ethoxyquin, fumaric acid, cysteamine acetate, gentian violet, dimethyl fumarate, etc. . At present, propionic acid and its salts are used in the feed industry for the world's feed industry, followed by sorbic acid and its salt acetic acid. Treatment: The main role of acetic acid is to inhibit the biosynthesis of AF. The ethephon is formulated into a 9%-15% aqueous solution, and its fairly fresh peanut weight of 3?5% is taken and mixed thoroughly with the peanuts to be stored in the environment at 28-30 degrees Celsius and 100% relative humidity. In the B-bag, there was still no biosynthesis of AF within 90 days.
4.3 Microbial inhibition
Japan's Yongsen Foods found seven kinds of microorganisms that can engulf Aspergillus flavus and inhibit AF production, but no practical report has been found.
4.4 Synthesis
As an anti-fungal agent, enzymes and antioxidants have emerged in the world in recent years. Its principle of action is different from that of chemical mildew-repellent agent. It is an enzyme system that replaces the enzyme in the body with an added enzyme, and prevents the normal oxygen absorption of mold by an antioxidant, thereby impeding the normal physiological function of the mold from reaching the mold-proof effect. The enzyme used is 1-500 times stronger than the enzyme in the mold. When it acts on mold, the enzymes in the bacteria are damaged and degenerated, so that the mold can not absorb nutrients from the feed, plus the role of antioxidants , mold can not get enough oxygen, thus inhibiting its growth. This kind of anti-mold agent will not produce resistance to mold, and it will be safe and reliable, with no adverse effects on the outside world.
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