T. chinensis is a slow-growing tree species, is a dioecious plant, the seed a small amount of seed, and the embryo after a long dormancy, there is a seed germination is not neat, the germination rate is not high. The development of the recent raw material forest of Taxus chinensis var. mairei is based on the strategy of using the intensive planting seedlings. Therefore, the method of breeding in large quantities of cuttings is the basis for realizing this strategy. The cutting and seedling cultivation techniques are described below. 1 The cuttings of Taxus chinensis var.mairei are the best in the way of young hard-branched leaves cuttings. The best cuttings are full-grown 1-year-old and 2-year-old shoots; 3-year-old shoots can also be used; and with 4-year-old shoots for cuttings, their rooting ability is significantly reduced and should not be used. The cuttings were best with the buds and the lateral branches at the top. The branches that are used for cuttings are preferably thick and thick, and those that are too thin are not suitable for use. Generally, branches with a diameter less than 2 mm are difficult to handle and hard to survive. The results of special tests on the length of cuttings showed that cuttings cut to 1 cm in length can also be rooted, and three single leaf petioles rooted plants also appeared. The cultivars of Taxus chinensis var.mairei are easy to cut roots, and the cutting lengths of 1cm, 3cm, 5cm, and 10cm, both the rooting rate and the growth of the seedlings increase with the length of the cuttings. Therefore, cuttings with a length of 5 to 20 cm can be flexibly cut in the production according to the amount of cutting resources and seedling needs. The shorter lateral branches can be used. The success of the short cutting test provides a basis for improving the utilization of shoots in actual production. Cut the cuttings to remove the leaves from the soil. Divided into 50 bundles by level for easy handling and handling. Cuts and cuts and implements the graded cutting and classification management are important measures to increase the seedling rate and reduce the production cost. 2 The cutting substrates were successfully used for the cuttings of Taxus chinensis var. mairei with river sand, perlite, and soil as the substrate, and the soil was the best cutting substrate. The brown soil under the alpine meadow soil and the alpine coniferous forest, the red soil in the mountain, the yellow soil, the yellow red soil, the vegetable garden soil, etc. can all be used as the matrix soil, in which loose, fertile alpine meadow soil, brown soil surface soil, vegetable garden soil the best. Can be chosen according to local conditions. In the cutting bed, a base with a thickness of 15 cm can be laid, and the soil preparation depth of the soil bed should be 20 cm. 3 Cutting and cutting bed treatment (1) Cutting treatment In order to avoid long-term soaking of the cuttings with a large container when large quantities of cuttings are used, higher concentrations of phytohormone are used for purlin treatment. Before processing, soak the cuttings with 75% wettable chlorothalonil 600 to 750 times, spin dry, and then dip 500 mg?L-1 No. 2 ABT rooting powder or indole butyric acid. Afterwards, it can be cut. Can also be replaced with carbendazim or 25% wettable powder 400 times for disinfection of the cuttings. (2) Slotting treatment A small amount of quicklime (10g/m2) or potassium permanganate solution (0.03%) is mixed into the slotting bed for soil disinfection 2 to 3 days before cutting. 4 Cutting season density and its main points (1) Cutting season Southern yew has been a successful example of cuttings for the whole year, but it is best in spring in most areas of Yunnan. If land preparation is carried out in January-February, picking and cutting will be completed after the Spring Festival and completed by the beginning of April. Before 7 months, cuttings can take root. It is the best arrangement to exit the nursery at the beginning of the rainy season 1 year later. (2) Cutting density The cutting density is mainly selected according to the cutting size. The maximum spacing of the implemented cuttings is 2 cm 5 cm, and 500,000 can be inserted per 666.7 m2. With 4cm5cm and 4cm6cm as the spacing of the cutting lines, this line spacing can be inserted 250,000 and 210,000 per 666.7m2. (3) The cutting points shall be taken straight and the depth of soil penetration shall be based on the stability of the cuttings. Generally, the depth of cutting is 1/3 to 1/2 of the length of the cuttings. When the cutting is done, a template with the same width and width as the cutting line spacing (for example, 5cm and 6cm) is produced. When the cutting is used, it is used to cut the lines in order to achieve the purpose of neatness. The depth of the cuttings is the depth of the cuttings. The depth of the cuttings can be controlled by touching the soil surface with a finger. After filling a bed, timely watering. Not only should the soil in the cutting layer be soaked, but the loose soil should also be in close contact with the cuttings. This is the same reason as setting the seedlings to drench the rooting water. 5 Cultivating facilities The equipment can be varied. The basic requirement is to be able to reasonably control temperature, humidity and light. After many years of practice and improvement at various places, the basic facilities for large-scale seedling nursery plots in the mountains are shading sheds (nets), greenhouses, and irrigation nets. (1) The function of the shading shed (net) is to shave and cool the seedbed. The degree of shading should be determined according to the weather conditions during the climate and nursery, and the degree of shading should be 50% to 90%. After the cuttings are rooted, shading should be gradually reduced to facilitate seedling growth. Shade shed (net), commercially available thin-film shading nets can also be used on the spot with bamboo frame, branches and leaves to build. (2) The role of greenhouses is to increase the temperature and humidity of the seedbed. In a variety of large greenhouses, greenhouse cuttings nursery. Bamboo is usually used to build a film arch. It is most used in high sheds (2m in height) and low sheds (0.5m in height). There are doors at both ends of the high shed, and all the low sheds are closed. When the seedbed is managed, the membrane operation needs to be lifted. There are also double sheds in the large temperature shed where the small temperature sheds are used. In Linzhi, Tibet, triple sheds are used to achieve insulation. A thermometer and a hygrometer should be placed both inside and outside the shed in order to accurately grasp the temperature and humidity. The greenhouse should be sealed and it is appropriate to determine whether water mist can be generated on the greenhouse film (indicating that the air humidity in the greenhouse is saturated). (3) Irrigation nets must be capable of irrigation and drainage, and should not be flooded or dried. It is best to use irrigation pipes and sprays to prohibit flooding and soaking of seedbeds. 6 Post-insertion management (1) The temperature and humidity control temperature is stable at 25 to 30°C. The temperature is below 10°C. The cuttings may not take root. Below 20°C or 30°C, measures should be taken to increase the temperature or reduce the temperature. The measures to increase the temperature are mainly to reduce the shading of the slotting machine, or to cover the straw mat at night; the measures to reduce the temperature are mainly to increase the shading and water spraying of the slotting machine, open the greenhouse door or open the greenhouse film. The soil moisture of the cutting bed is preferably near saturation, but it should not be flooded; the minimum relative humidity of the air should be kept above 80%. When the temperature rises at noon, the relative humidity will drop significantly. If it drops below 60%, the water (fog) should be sprayed properly. This can both humidify and cool down. Closed greenhouses can maintain a high humidity environment within the greenhouse for a long time, which is conducive to the rooting of Taxus chinensis cuttings. The condensation of water mist on the greenhouse film indicates that the humidity in the greenhouse is high, and it is watered again when the water mist is absent. (2) The weeding nursery is selected for its fertile land, and the weeds on fertile land grow particularly quickly and flourishingly. Therefore, weeding is an important measure for the management of nursery land. It is based on the principle of “in addition to early elimination of minor additions†to prevent the vicious competition between weeds and nursery stocks. (3) Topdressing soil can be fertilized without fertilizer. However, after the rooting is too late or after the seedlings have taken root, low concentrations of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea are sprayed on the leaves to promote seedling growth.
Rushan Jinguo Food Co., Ltd , https://www.jinguofood.cn