In the north-south cotton region of China, in the normal climate year, pure spring cotton is generally introduced into the boll opening ripening period from late August to early September. This year, the production of cotton in Huanghuai Region of China was affected by the low temperature and rainy weather in August and September. The maturation period of cotton was delayed by about 7 to 10 days from the normal year. According to the author's field survey in mid-September, only 15%~28% of the pure cotton-making boll-opening strains were planted; intercropping the spring cotton, only a few plants began to spit; summer cotton boll opening period will be postponed to early October. Therefore, in the post-management of cotton fields this year, it is particularly important to do a good job of ripening.
Many years of practice have shown that the correct use of ethephon ripening in late-maturing cotton fields is a good measure to facilitate production and increase production. The late-maturing cotton sprayed with ethephon can boil early for 7-10 days. The pre-frost spray rate is increased by 10%-20%, and the yield is increased by 6.4%-10.2%. Each mu can increase income by 50-100 yuan. And ripening cotton fields are also conducive to the sowing of crops such as wheat and the increase of yield. However, ethephon is a “double-edged swordâ€. If it is used improperly, it will not only increase production but also increase income. Therefore, we must really master the use of ethephon technology to achieve scientific use in order to achieve the desired results.
Selection of suitable cotton fields to be used to select the late glutinous green and late strong cotton fields, mainly interplanting cotton fields, summer sowing cotton, and strong hybrid spring cotton. If more than 80% of the cotton boll period is in the 40-45 days of cotton fields, the effect of applying the pesticide will be particularly good. For normal and mature cotton fields, especially cotton fields with premature aging, ethephon can not be sprayed, otherwise it will cause premature decline of cotton plants, resulting in reduced yield. For cotton grown in fine varieties, ethephon cannot be sprayed. If spraying, the use value of seeds will be greatly reduced.
What is the effect of spraying ethephon at the right time for proper application of the pesticide and is closely related to temperature? Ethylene must be decomposed and released to release ethylene at temperatures above 20°C. Therefore, after the cotton fields are sprayed, it is required that the maximum daily temperature can be 15 days or more at a temperature of 20° C. or higher in order to receive good results. According to this principle, the time of spraying in northern China's cotton district is mainly based on the frost-reducing period, and should be 20 days before the frost period. The spraying time in the southern cotton area is mainly based on the boll period of the cotton boll and the duration of the pulling rod, which is generally 15~20 days before puller is appropriate. In general and under normal circumstances, it is advisable to spray in the Huanghuai region of China before and after October 5; in the cotton region of the Yangtze River valley, it is advisable to spray the medicine on October 15-20. The specific time for spraying should be determined flexibly according to local conditions.
Spraying methods and dosage should be chosen from sunny days with no wind or breeze, spraying from 9am to 3pm. The amount of pesticides used depends on the growth of cotton, the temperature at that time, and the time of spraying. For the vigorous growing season, late spraying period, low temperature and irritating cotton fields, the application amount should be appropriately increased, but the application amount per mu should not exceed 200 ml; otherwise, the application amount should be appropriately reduced. In Huanghuai area, in early October, apply 100 ml of 40% ethephon per acre, 50 kilograms of water, and spray evenly after dilution; if the pesticide is applied at the end of October to early middle of the month, use 150 ml per mu. , 60 kg of water, spray evenly diluted. The diluted drug solution is directed to the blue bell of the cotton plant that has been on the bell for more than 40 days, and is evenly sprayed from the top to the bottom so that each boll that needs ripening is stuck with the liquid medicine.
The spraying of ethephon and 2% superphosphate mixed solution to spray 2% superphosphate dilute solution at the later stage has the effect of promoting early maturing, preventing premature senescence, increasing production and increasing income, etc. Generally, it can increase production by about 5%. Due to the fact that superphosphate is an acidic fertilizer and mixed with acidic ethephon, it will not only affect the efficacy of ethephon, but it can also play a synergistic role. It is worth promoting in accordance with local conditions. The method is as follows: first, 1 kg of high-quality superphosphate is opened with 50-60 kg of clear water, the residue is filtered off, then the entropic pesticide required for each mu is added, and the mixture can be sprayed evenly.
Several issues that need attention in the use of ethephon 1. Ethephon acid pesticides are susceptible to decomposition due to alkaline substances, so they must not be mixed with alkaline pesticides. The prepared ethephon diluent should not be stored, so it should be used with the preparation. Second, after spraying ethephon in the cotton field, if it rains within 6 hours, it needs to be sprayed again after the rain. Before the application of pesticides, the bolls of boll opening should be harvested so as not to cause the quality of the batting to be reduced due to spraying. Four, ethephon solution is strong acid, has a strong stimulating effect on the human body, work to do a good job of security protection. When the skin is covered with liquid medicine, rinse immediately with soap and water. Fifth, do not listen to biased letters, maps, and buy counterfeit drugs. Recently, there have been many forms of cotton ripening agent products on the market. Most of these products have been registered without the approval of the Ministry of Agriculture and belong to inferior and inferior products that cannot be used. Farmers should purchase products from regular manufacturers through formal channels.
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