Yam is a plant of the Dioscorea family and has rich nutritional value. It can be used not only as a vegetable, but also as a medicinal health product with high economic value and good economic benefits. However, with the continuous expansion of planting area in recent years, pests and diseases have also become more serious. Here are some of the major diseases and pest control methods that have occurred in Yishui County in recent years.
I. Agricultural control
1. Selection of disease-resistant varieties is an effective method for controlling yam pests and diseases.
2. Rotation can reduce or avoid stalk rot and root knot nematode damage. Implementation of the rotation of dry and dry land has better control effect.
3, soil preparation can directly eliminate pathogenic bacteria in winter.
4. Fertilizers and irrigated yam are hi-fertilizer crops, and organic fertilizers must be applied during site preparation. The general application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers will help enhance the ability to fight pathogens. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer can easily lead to plant growth, stem and leaf tissue soft, easy to get yam anthrax. The principle of watering is to “do not drip or dripâ€. When pouring water, use clean water. Be sure to pour water through the fields. There should be no accumulation of water in the fields. The rainy season should be drained in time to prevent root rot.
5, field cleaning field weeds best manual removal. The timely removal of the leaves and stems of the diseased yam can reduce the re-infection of pathogens. When the yams are harvested, the sick, weeds, and decayed stems left on the ground must be burned centrally or brought deep outside the field to reduce pathogens that pass through the winter.
Second, chemical prevention
1, yam anthracnose hazard stems and leaves caused by stems and leaves. Control methods: seed potatoes soaked with 1:1:150 wave multi-liquid for 10 minutes. Qimiao sprayed the first drug with 50% carbendazim 600 times and sprayed it 10 days later. From July to August, it was found that 65% of zeocin zinc WP can be used 500 times, 50% WP WP 800-1000 times, and 50% thiophanate-methyl 700-800 times, depending on the severity of the disease. 2-4 times, alternating spray. Each interval of 8-10 days, after the rain should be filled with liquid spray.
2. Dwarfing of plants caused by short-circuit nematode disease occurs when the whole plant is yellow and dead; tuberculosis suffers from small-sized tumors, affecting yield and quality. Control method: Before the seed sowing, treat the soil with 5% extinct phosphate granules per acre, 5 kg wet mixed fine soil 100 kg, spread evenly on both sides of the seed potato, or even spread with the site preparation, burial 25-30 cm.
3, leaf bees bite yam leaves, causing a serious loss of leaves, affecting photosynthesis led to reduced tuber yield. Use 2% enemy to kill 3000 times liquid or 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000 times liquid stem and leaf spray.
4, bite to eat tubers, so that tubers cook not bad, taste bitter. With soil treatment to control, use 50% phoxim 250-300ml per mu, add fine soil 25 kg and mix well and spread into the ridge. Immediately after application, cut into 20cm soil layer, then broadcast yam species.
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