Selection of improved species
The seeds of the main bud, full grain, high germination rate, no pests and diseases, and high contents were selected as gray or white gray, and black seeds were low in content and could not be kept as seeds.
Selection
1, should choose flat, well-drained, moderately fertile plots.
2. For the crops with excessive drug spray on the former crops (Douhuanglong, etc.), plant carefully.
sowing
Mu seedlings: The average mu seedlings is about 1.2 to 14,000, and the seeding rate is 0.8 to 1.6 kg per mu.
Sowing date: Planting silymarin in Heilongjiang Province is suitable for the mid-to-late April, the flowering period from June to July, and the seed maturity at the beginning of August. The fertility period is generally around 95 to 100 days. Silybum seedlings suitable for low temperature, 5 cm below the ground temperature can be stable through 5 °C, generally in April 15 to May 20 before sowing is appropriate. The seeds planted after May 20th should be maintained at 1.6 to 20,000 plants (mechanized harvesting).
Rigid sowing: from a large ridge of 70 cm, the ridge opening is sown with a width of 22 cm, and sowing of 35 grains per extension (depending on the bud rate and the emergence rate). The more fertile soil and black soil are most suitable for the growth of milk thistle, but the sowing should not exceed 0.8 kg per mu, mainly for thin plants; the amount of soil for soil consolidation such as saline-alkali soil should be appropriately increased and can be adjusted to 0.8 per mu. ~1.5 kg. Sowing with a wheat seeder or a sowing seeder. Sowing should be selected for shallow sowing. The sowing depth should not exceed 4 cm. (Sand soil should be sown at a depth of 8 to 10 cm.) The sowing depth should be the same and the covering should be uniform.
Fertilizer
Types of fertilizer: where artificial hand picking can be appropriately applied (chase) P and K, P and K Mushi poor to be 20 to 25 kg (in case of cold and rainy enhance grain maturity, then there is less than 10 kg of potassium administered Milk thistle is not very effective, to ensure that the emergence of neat and tidy.
Topdressing: For fertile land, do not apply Chestnut and other foliar fertilizers, postemergence herbicides, or affect yield.
Field management
Check field fill seedlings, thinning, Dingmiao: in the lack of seedlings off ridge place replanting germination species, 3 to 4 true leaf time seedlings Dingmiao. In the double-seeding, about 25 ridges per meter were left (15 ridges for small ridges). It is necessary to maintain the maturity of the large and very small seedlings.
Cultivated weeding: after the seedlings, weeding and weeding can be achieved. It can assist with chemical weeding. Mink grass can be used to extinguish the grass. Chemical weeding can be chemically closed in time after sowing. When the milk thistle grows to 70-80 cm, the bud can be removed manually or mechanically.
Harvest processing
For mechanical harvesting, more than 70% of fruit bracts of Silymarus should be yellow, and 100% of the top of the crown hair should be harvested. Cut ripe fruit into the basket. Timely transported back to the drying field to dry, or cutting machine sun cut, mechanical cutting drying shop should be straight, the same cut width, do not collapse shop, do not fall ear, do not fly ear, cutting height is generally 18 to 22 cm is appropriate , Put the scales shop, width 1.8 to 2.5 meters. After the sun-cut silybite grains were less than 18% moisture, picking up and timely out of the air, cleaning, water requirements for 8% or less for sale. The milk thistle seeds are purple-brown after ripening, and the color and luster are bright. However, in case of rain or water, the stacking and threshing will become light gray or white, and the surface will be rough and dull, which will greatly affect the quality and quality of the product.
Pest control
Diseases occur during and after the growth of milk thistle, and silymarin itself has strong resistance and can not be treated. If pests such as cabbage worms, chafers, and nymphs are particularly serious, they can be killed and killed by the enemy for 2000 times.
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