CCD, (Charge Coupled Device), which is a "charge coupled device" in megapixels. How many megapixels in a digital camera specification refers to the resolution of the CCD. The CCD is a light-sensitive semiconductor chip used to capture graphics and is widely used in scanners, copiers, and filmless cameras. Similar to the principle of film, light passes through a lens and projects graphic information onto the CCD. But unlike film, CCD has neither the ability to record graphical data nor the ability to be permanently stored, or even "exposure" capabilities. All graphics data is sent to an "analog-to-digital" converter, a signal processor and a storage device (such as a memory chip or memory card). CCDs come in a variety of sizes and shapes, up to 2 x 2 square inches. In 1970, Bell Labs invented the CCD. Twenty years later, people used this technology to make digital cameras, pushing the image processing industry to a whole new field.
CMOS, (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor), which is a "complementary metal oxide semiconductor". It is an important chip in a computer system, which preserves a large amount of data needed for system booting. It has been found that CMOS processing can also be used as a sensitized sensor in digital cameras, which is convenient for mass production and low-cost features that merchants dream of.
From a technical point of view, CCD and CMOS have the following four differences:
1. Information reading mode: The charge information stored by the CCD charge coupler needs to be read one bit after the synchronization signal control. The charge information transfer and read output need to have a clock control circuit and three different groups. The power supply is matched, and the whole circuit is complicated. The CMOS photoelectric sensor directly generates a current (or voltage) signal after photoelectric conversion, and the signal reading is very simple.
2. Speed: The CCD charge coupler needs to output information one bit at a time in the behavior unit under the control of the synchronous clock, and the speed is slow; while the CMOS photoelectric sensor can take out the electric signal while collecting the optical signal, and can simultaneously process The image information of each unit is much faster than the CCD charge coupler.
3, power supply and power consumption: CCD charge coupler mostly needs three sets of power supply, power consumption is large; CMOS photoelectric sensor only needs to use one power supply, the power consumption is very small, only 1 / 8 of CCD charge coupler By 1/10, CMOS photoelectric sensors have great advantages in terms of energy saving.
4, imaging quality: CCD charge coupler manufacturing technology started early, the technology is mature, using PN junction or silicon dioxide (SiO2) isolation layer to isolate noise, imaging quality has certain advantages over CMOS photoelectric sensors. Due to the high integration of CMOS photoelectric sensors, the distance between each photoelectric sensing element and circuit is very close, and the optical, electrical and magnetic interference between them is serious. The noise has a great influence on the image quality, making the CMOS photoelectric sensor for a long time. Unable to enter practical. In recent years, with the continuous development of CMOS circuit noise reduction technology, it has provided good conditions for the production of high-density and high-quality CMOS image sensors.
At present, CCD technology is mainly in the hands of Sony, Canon, Olympus and other major manufacturers. The mainstream digital cameras use CCD as the photosensitive sensor, and the number of pixels is generally about 3 million. The manufacturing process is complicated, the power consumption is large, and the cost is high. In the future, digital cameras using CCD sensors will continue to improve the number of pixels, increase the shooting function, and improve the quality of photos, and strive to reach the standards of traditional cameras as soon as possible on various indicators.
Digital cameras using CMOS sensors are generally less than 350,000 pixels, mainly for low-end markets dominated by home and personal users. Its advantages of fashion, versatility and low price have been welcomed by ordinary consumers. Domestic digital camera manufacturers have placed great enthusiasm for CMOS digital cameras, including Seagull, SAST, and Himalayan.
CMOS plasticity is high, and in addition to digital cameras, it will be widely used in fax machines, scanners, digital cameras, and security detection systems. At present, there are not many CMOS products on the market, but in the United States, many companies including Intel and TI are actively developing related products. In July of this year, IMEC, an independent semiconductor research organization in Europe, announced two CMOS R&D projects, including the “Advanced Device Implementation Program†to explore the limits of CMOS technology, with the goal of establishing the latest version of the International Semiconductor Technology Plan (ITRS). A technology oriented to 60 nm to 30 nm is proposed.
CMOS, (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor), which is a "complementary metal oxide semiconductor". It is an important chip in a computer system, which preserves a large amount of data needed for system booting. It has been found that CMOS processing can also be used as a sensitized sensor in digital cameras, which is convenient for mass production and low-cost features that merchants dream of.
From a technical point of view, CCD and CMOS have the following four differences:
1. Information reading mode: The charge information stored by the CCD charge coupler needs to be read one bit after the synchronization signal control. The charge information transfer and read output need to have a clock control circuit and three different groups. The power supply is matched, and the whole circuit is complicated. The CMOS photoelectric sensor directly generates a current (or voltage) signal after photoelectric conversion, and the signal reading is very simple.
2. Speed: The CCD charge coupler needs to output information one bit at a time in the behavior unit under the control of the synchronous clock, and the speed is slow; while the CMOS photoelectric sensor can take out the electric signal while collecting the optical signal, and can simultaneously process The image information of each unit is much faster than the CCD charge coupler.
3, power supply and power consumption: CCD charge coupler mostly needs three sets of power supply, power consumption is large; CMOS photoelectric sensor only needs to use one power supply, the power consumption is very small, only 1 / 8 of CCD charge coupler By 1/10, CMOS photoelectric sensors have great advantages in terms of energy saving.
4, imaging quality: CCD charge coupler manufacturing technology started early, the technology is mature, using PN junction or silicon dioxide (SiO2) isolation layer to isolate noise, imaging quality has certain advantages over CMOS photoelectric sensors. Due to the high integration of CMOS photoelectric sensors, the distance between each photoelectric sensing element and circuit is very close, and the optical, electrical and magnetic interference between them is serious. The noise has a great influence on the image quality, making the CMOS photoelectric sensor for a long time. Unable to enter practical. In recent years, with the continuous development of CMOS circuit noise reduction technology, it has provided good conditions for the production of high-density and high-quality CMOS image sensors.
At present, CCD technology is mainly in the hands of Sony, Canon, Olympus and other major manufacturers. The mainstream digital cameras use CCD as the photosensitive sensor, and the number of pixels is generally about 3 million. The manufacturing process is complicated, the power consumption is large, and the cost is high. In the future, digital cameras using CCD sensors will continue to improve the number of pixels, increase the shooting function, and improve the quality of photos, and strive to reach the standards of traditional cameras as soon as possible on various indicators.
Digital cameras using CMOS sensors are generally less than 350,000 pixels, mainly for low-end markets dominated by home and personal users. Its advantages of fashion, versatility and low price have been welcomed by ordinary consumers. Domestic digital camera manufacturers have placed great enthusiasm for CMOS digital cameras, including Seagull, SAST, and Himalayan.
CMOS plasticity is high, and in addition to digital cameras, it will be widely used in fax machines, scanners, digital cameras, and security detection systems. At present, there are not many CMOS products on the market, but in the United States, many companies including Intel and TI are actively developing related products. In July of this year, IMEC, an independent semiconductor research organization in Europe, announced two CMOS R&D projects, including the “Advanced Device Implementation Program†to explore the limits of CMOS technology, with the goal of establishing the latest version of the International Semiconductor Technology Plan (ITRS). A technology oriented to 60 nm to 30 nm is proposed.
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