Due to a series of agricultural activities such as autumn harvest and autumn sowing, a considerable number of farmers have relaxed the comprehensive management of orchards and many problems have emerged. This not only affected the high quality and high yield of apples of the year, but also left fruit for the orchard production of the following year. Many hidden dangers.
First, heavy light scissors light autumn tube
Many fruit growers only attach importance to pruning in winter and do not pay attention to pruning during the growing season, especially autumn pruning. Let the tree's leggy branches, upright branches, and development branches allow it to grow. As a result, “the branches are full of trees, the trees are not visible, the nutrition is wasted, and the fruit is not.†In this regard, the concept must be changed to strengthen the autumn tube. The first is to cut off and cut away the leggy branches, back upright branches, densely enclosed branches and all kinds of pests and branches that need to be cut during winter cutting. Ventilation and light transmission, fruiting branches to the sun; Second, pull branches to take the branch, slow promotion of flowers; Third, in late September on the one-meter-long non-stop long branch of light picking heart, control prosperous, save nutrition, full of sticks Buds, safe winter.
Second, disease prevention and pest control can not be good
During the annual apple disease and pest control process, many fruit growers were “preceding tight, loose in the pine, and later regardless ofâ€. In the middle and late periods, the number of drug fights was stopped at random, often resulting in the outbreak of pain and insect pests in the later stages. The author believes that, after not being lighter, the prevention and control work should be carried out throughout, and there should be no misunderstanding. The good or bad prevention and treatment work in this fall will play a decisive role in this year's high-quality and high-yield apples and the increase or decrease in the number of germs and insect populations next year.
Third, early application of base fertilizer can not be implemented
From late September to October, it is the third peak of apple tree root growth, which is also the best period for autumn basal fertilization. The beneficiaries deeply feel that “four seasons fertilization material and autumn fertilizer are the most importantâ€. Basal fertilizer at this time, root-cutting easy to heal, and strong absorption capacity, long time, is of great significance to improve the storage of nutrients in fruit trees. However, many fruit growers do not grab the time, grab the best fertilization period and push it until the second year of early spring. According to the actual production, the author suggests that any early or middle-aged apple orchard should apply basal fertilizer immediately after fruit picking; if the late-maturing apple orchard is transformed, the time should be set between late September and October. In the middle of the month, narrow and close-growing gardens can be postponed until fruit-picking and fertigation can be conducted as soon as possible. At the same time, it is also necessary to spray 2-3 times of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.5-1% urea solution after harvesting fruit to defoliation.
Four, not top hanging fruit
Branches with excessive fruiting often cause sagging due to fast-growing fruit, which is pressed to the ground or overlaps with the branches below, causing artificially degraded local light, resulting in poor fruit coloring and hairpins, and infection of pests and diseases. Therefore, starting from July, diligently inspect, depending on the extent of fruit sag, use wooden sticks or ropes to hang the branches so that the branches are evenly distributed, so that the phenomenon of wind-sweeping swings and cracking branches can be reduced. As far as possible to achieve "branches free, leaves see light, fruit coloring." It needs to be emphasized that it is not possible to choose apple tree branches as support in order to prevent the spread of germs.
Fifth, autumnal branches are not timely and not in place
Fruit trees can be seen throughout the year, but it is best to fall. Because autumn leaves are not stripped, easy to set. However, there are few orchards in the autumn. The individually pulled gardens are not in place. They just pull down and pull, and Larry does not pull outside. Improvement measures: From the beginning of September, no branches will be opened to the base corner, and the branches of the current year with a length of more than 1 meter and some of the main branches will not be opened. The size of the branch opening angle should be different for varieties, rootstocks, trees, branches, etc., and be careful when operating: do not overturn, do not enter the ground, do not bend the bow, and straighten the straight line before and after.
Six, bags are not standardized
When removing the bags, the writer saw that a certain number of farmers were afraid of trouble and figured things out, removing bags once. In bad weather, good bagging fruit is not green, poor coloring, is the formation of sunburn, and become "defective." The correct method is: choose to start at 8 o'clock on cloudy days and end at around 5 o'clock in the evening. The clear bag removal time is 8-11:30 am and 3-7 o'clock in the afternoon. During operation, tear off the outer paper bag and remove the inner bag after 3 sunny days. Pay attention to weather changes, and avoid bagging in hot sun and rainy days so as not to affect the quality of fruit.
Seven, picking leaves turned few
Picking leaves and turning fruits is a practical technique for improving the apple product rate and quality fruit, but this technology has not attracted attention in most fruit growers in the fruit region. It is always troublesome to do so, so that many good apples are shaded by only one petiole, one twig, or less half of the leaves, resulting in incomplete coloration of the fruit surface. Specific measures: 15-20 days before fruit ripening (bagging fruit after bag removal), remove the upper shading leaves and fruit leaves of the fruit, and pay attention to the preservation of the petiole; when the positive side of the fruit reaches the shade that the species should have, use Hold the fruit gently on the palm and turn the sun's surface toward the dark side to color it completely. It should be noted that: 1. Picking leaves should be selected cloudy or cloudy weather operation; avoid hot noon in the hot sun. 2. The degree of leaf picking should be controlled properly, otherwise it will affect photosynthetic efficiency and nutrition accumulation.
Eight, after the fruit is taken care of
For the orchard after fruit harvesting, pruning and spraying are repeated. Some farmers believe that this is an alternative. It neither sprays or protects the leaves, nor does it inspect the trees for treatment. It should be said that this is wrong. We must do four things well: 1. Spraying, spraying fertilizers, exterminating pests and diseases, and supplementing nutrition; 2. Destroying weeds, clearing the fields, and reducing the number of pests and diseases; 3. Deforestation, adjusting sunlight, and strengthening the body; 4 , check rotting, coating, rehabilitation tree.
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